Chapter 11: Hydrocarbon

Which of the compounds is a cycloalkene?

(it's an image of a square with one double bond)

What is the name for a one-carbon alkyl substituent?

METHYL

The reaction of hydrogen (H2) and propene using a platinum catalyst is an example of a (an) ________ reaction.

addition

A hydrocarbon contains only the elements ________.

carbon and hydrogen

A cycloalkane ________

has two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane

What has the formula MgCl2

inorganic

According to the IUPAC convention for chemical naming, which part of a hydrocarbon is selected as the main chain for a hydrocarbon chain?

the longest continuous chain, regardless of bends

The IUPAC name of CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 is ________.

2-butene

The IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-C ≡ C-CH3 is ________.

2-pentyne

The completes combustion of 1 mole of pentane, C5H12, will require how many moles of oxygen, O2?

8 moles

Addition reaction

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Which of the following is true of nonane, C9H20, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL, melts at -51 °C, and boils at 151 °C? A.Nonane is soluble in water. B.Nonane floats on the surface of water. C.Nonane does not undergo combustion. D.Nonane is a gas at room temperature. E.Nonane is a solid at room temperature.

B. Nonane. floats on the surface of water

A buffer is a solution that tends to maintain a neutral pH A. True B. False

B.False

What is the IUPAC name of CH3- CH2- CH2- CH3?

Butane

Which of the following compounds could have the molecular formula C7H16? A. 2-methylheptane B. 3-ethylhexane C. 2,3-dimethylpentane D. pentane E. hexane

C. 2,3-dimethylpentane

Which of the following compounds is an alkene? A.CH3-CH2-C≡CH B. C3H8 C.H2C=CH-CH3 D. CH3-CH2-CH3 E. cyclopentane

C. H2C=CH-CH3

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of C5H12 will give which of these product(s)? A.5CO2 + 5H2O B.10CO + 12H2O C.5CO2 + 6H2O D.CO2 only E. C5H12O5 only

C.5CO2 + 6H20

What is the molecular formula of benzene? A. C6H12 B.C6H8 C.C6H6 D.C6H4 E.C6H10

C6H6

What is the condensed structural formula for the compound 3-hexene?

CH3-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH3

What is the condensed structural formula for an alkane with four carbon atoms?

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

What is the condensed structural formula for the product of the hydrogenation of 2-butene using a platinum catalyst?

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

What is(are) the product(s) of the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon?

CO2 + H2O

Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of ________.

Carbon

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound? CH3 - Cl I CH3- CH-C-CH=CH I. I CH3. CH3 A. 3-chloro-1,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-butene B. 3-chloro-2,3,5-trimethyl-4-pentene C. 3-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-4-hexene D. 4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene E. 3-chloro-1,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene

D. 4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene

Which of the following is not typical of most hydrocarbons? A. low boiling point B. poor solubility in water C. covalent bonding D. high melting point E. high flammability

D. high melting point

The IUPAC name for ethylene is ________.

Ethene

The reaction of an alkene and water in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an alcohol is called ________.

Hydration

combustion reaction

In a combustion reaction, an element or a compound reacts with oxygen to create water and carbon. dioxide

2-butene with water and a strong acid catalyst

OH I CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

Benzene

The compound below is named ________.

Which of the following pairs of formulas represent isomers?

The fourth structure in the image

Isomers are molecules that share the same formula and have ________.

a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule

An organic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen connected only by single bonds is an ________.

alkane

The hydrogenation of an alkene gives a(n) ________.

alkane

What type of compound is CH3-CH2-CH3?

alkane

A hydrocarbon with a double bond is a(n) ________.

alkene

According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in which order?

alphabetical without considering prefixes

A compound that contains the ring structure of benzene is called a(n) ________.

aromatic compound

In the three-dimensional structure of methane, CH4, the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom are aligned ________.

at the corners of a tetrahedron

What is the IUPAC name for a four-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

butane

An alkene is an organic compound that contains a ________ bond.

carbon-carbon double bond

The reaction of butane with oxygen is called ________.

combustion

What is the IUPAC name for a ten-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

decane

A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n) ________.

expanded structural formula

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

four

Hydrocarbons are the primary constituents of ________

fuels

The carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons ________.

have only single bonds

cis-trans isomers

have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements

What is the IUPAC name of this compound? CH3- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH3

heptane

What is the IUPAC name of the continuous chain alkane with six carbon atoms?

hexane

What has a high melting point?

inorganic

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called ________.

isomers

What burns easily in air?

organic

What has covalent bonds?

organic

What has the formula CH3-CH2-CH3?

organic

What is not soluble in water?

organic

What is the IUPAC name for a five-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

pentane

What is the IUPAC name of this compound? CH3- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH3

pentane

What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- CH2-?

propyl

What is the name for a three-carbon saturated alkyl group?

propyl

The structural formula of benzene is often represented as a ________.

ring of six carbon atoms with a circle in the center

Some alkenes have geometric (cis-trans) isomers because ________.

the carbon atoms in the double bond cannot rotate

When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw ________.

the main carbon chain

Alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated compounds because ________.

they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes

The simplest cycloalkane has

three carbon atoms

An alkyne is an organic compound that contains a ________ bond.

triple

The compound 1-butyne contains _______

triple bond

Organic compounds with carbon-carbon double or triple bonds are classified as ________.

unsaturated compounds