Chapter 11: Hydrocarbon
Which of the compounds is a cycloalkene?
(it's an image of a square with one double bond)
What is the name for a one-carbon alkyl substituent?
METHYL
The reaction of hydrogen (H2) and propene using a platinum catalyst is an example of a (an) ________ reaction.
addition
A hydrocarbon contains only the elements ________.
carbon and hydrogen
A cycloalkane ________
has two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane
What has the formula MgCl2
inorganic
According to the IUPAC convention for chemical naming, which part of a hydrocarbon is selected as the main chain for a hydrocarbon chain?
the longest continuous chain, regardless of bends
The IUPAC name of CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 is ________.
2-butene
The IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-C ≡ C-CH3 is ________.
2-pentyne
The completes combustion of 1 mole of pentane, C5H12, will require how many moles of oxygen, O2?
8 moles
Addition reaction
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
Which of the following is true of nonane, C9H20, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL, melts at -51 °C, and boils at 151 °C? A.Nonane is soluble in water. B.Nonane floats on the surface of water. C.Nonane does not undergo combustion. D.Nonane is a gas at room temperature. E.Nonane is a solid at room temperature.
B. Nonane. floats on the surface of water
A buffer is a solution that tends to maintain a neutral pH A. True B. False
B.False
What is the IUPAC name of CH3- CH2- CH2- CH3?
Butane
Which of the following compounds could have the molecular formula C7H16? A. 2-methylheptane B. 3-ethylhexane C. 2,3-dimethylpentane D. pentane E. hexane
C. 2,3-dimethylpentane
Which of the following compounds is an alkene? A.CH3-CH2-C≡CH B. C3H8 C.H2C=CH-CH3 D. CH3-CH2-CH3 E. cyclopentane
C. H2C=CH-CH3
The balanced equation for the complete combustion of C5H12 will give which of these product(s)? A.5CO2 + 5H2O B.10CO + 12H2O C.5CO2 + 6H2O D.CO2 only E. C5H12O5 only
C.5CO2 + 6H20
What is the molecular formula of benzene? A. C6H12 B.C6H8 C.C6H6 D.C6H4 E.C6H10
C6H6
What is the condensed structural formula for the compound 3-hexene?
CH3-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH3
What is the condensed structural formula for an alkane with four carbon atoms?
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the condensed structural formula for the product of the hydrogenation of 2-butene using a platinum catalyst?
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is(are) the product(s) of the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon?
CO2 + H2O
Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of ________.
Carbon
What is the IUPAC name for the following compound? CH3 - Cl I CH3- CH-C-CH=CH I. I CH3. CH3 A. 3-chloro-1,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-butene B. 3-chloro-2,3,5-trimethyl-4-pentene C. 3-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-4-hexene D. 4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene E. 3-chloro-1,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene
D. 4-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene
Which of the following is not typical of most hydrocarbons? A. low boiling point B. poor solubility in water C. covalent bonding D. high melting point E. high flammability
D. high melting point
The IUPAC name for ethylene is ________.
Ethene
The reaction of an alkene and water in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an alcohol is called ________.
Hydration
combustion reaction
In a combustion reaction, an element or a compound reacts with oxygen to create water and carbon. dioxide
2-butene with water and a strong acid catalyst
OH I CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
Benzene
The compound below is named ________.
Which of the following pairs of formulas represent isomers?
The fourth structure in the image
Isomers are molecules that share the same formula and have ________.
a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule
An organic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen connected only by single bonds is an ________.
alkane
The hydrogenation of an alkene gives a(n) ________.
alkane
What type of compound is CH3-CH2-CH3?
alkane
A hydrocarbon with a double bond is a(n) ________.
alkene
According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in which order?
alphabetical without considering prefixes
A compound that contains the ring structure of benzene is called a(n) ________.
aromatic compound
In the three-dimensional structure of methane, CH4, the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom are aligned ________.
at the corners of a tetrahedron
What is the IUPAC name for a four-carbon continuous-chain alkane?
butane
An alkene is an organic compound that contains a ________ bond.
carbon-carbon double bond
The reaction of butane with oxygen is called ________.
combustion
What is the IUPAC name for a ten-carbon continuous-chain alkane?
decane
A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n) ________.
expanded structural formula
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
four
Hydrocarbons are the primary constituents of ________
fuels
The carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons ________.
have only single bonds
cis-trans isomers
have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements
What is the IUPAC name of this compound? CH3- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH3
heptane
What is the IUPAC name of the continuous chain alkane with six carbon atoms?
hexane
What has a high melting point?
inorganic
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called ________.
isomers
What burns easily in air?
organic
What has covalent bonds?
organic
What has the formula CH3-CH2-CH3?
organic
What is not soluble in water?
organic
What is the IUPAC name for a five-carbon continuous-chain alkane?
pentane
What is the IUPAC name of this compound? CH3- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH3
pentane
What is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group CH3- CH2- CH2-?
propyl
What is the name for a three-carbon saturated alkyl group?
propyl
The structural formula of benzene is often represented as a ________.
ring of six carbon atoms with a circle in the center
Some alkenes have geometric (cis-trans) isomers because ________.
the carbon atoms in the double bond cannot rotate
When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw ________.
the main carbon chain
Alkenes and alkynes are called unsaturated compounds because ________.
they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes
The simplest cycloalkane has
three carbon atoms
An alkyne is an organic compound that contains a ________ bond.
triple
The compound 1-butyne contains _______
triple bond
Organic compounds with carbon-carbon double or triple bonds are classified as ________.
unsaturated compounds