Chapter 11 management
self efficacy
belief in one's ability to do a task
organizational commitment
reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals
sex-role stereotypes
research revealed that men were preferred for male-dominated jobs, women have harder time being perceived as effective leaders
job satisfaction
research shows a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and ______________________, performance, turnover, and organizational citizenship behavior
emotional intelligence
some claim it to be the secret elixir to happiness and high performance
role over load, role conflict, and role ambiguity
some sources of job related stress is the individual role demand which consists of _____________, _____________, and_____________
race stereotypes
studies demonstrated that people of color experienced more perceived discrimination and less psychological support than whites
counterproductive work behaviors
such behaviors may include absenteeism and tardiness, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems but also extend beyond them to more serious acts such as accidents, sabotage, and sexual harrassment
organizational citizenship behaviors
suggestions for improvement, training new people, respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules, care for organizational property, and punctuality and attendance
recency effect
tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information
job satisfaction
extent to which you feel positively or negatively about various aspects of your work
causal attributions
inferring causes for observed behavior
self fulfilling prophecy
is a phenomenon by which peoples expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true
emotional intelligence
is the ability to monitor yours and others feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions
work, pay, promotions, coworkers, and supervision
job satisfaction depends on how you feel about several components such as ________, ________, ____________, ________________, and ________________
low self efficacy
learned helplessness is associated with _________________
anxiety, negatively
low levels of emotional stablility are prone to ____________ and tend to view the world _____________-
self fulfilling prophecy
managerial expectations powerfully influence employee behavior and performance
fundamental attribution bias and self serving bias
two tendencies that distort an individuals interpretation of behavior are
individual task demands
Another source of job related stress is __________________which involves the job itself
better job performance
High levels of emotional stability tend to show __________________________________
importance, control, and rewards
How people deal with the discomfort depends on _______________, __________, and ___________-
physiological, psychological, behavioral
Negative stress reveals itself in three kinds of symptoms:
burnout
Negative stress symptoms can lead to a ________________
stereotyping implicit bias halo effect the recency effect casual attributions
There are distortions in perception by __________, _____________, ________________, __________ and ______________
chronic
Type A behavior pattern, meaning they are involved in a _____________, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time
outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive
What are personalities that are included under the extroversion dimension
extroverison agreeableness emotional stability conscientiousness openness to experience
What are the 5 personality dimensions?
trusting, good-natured, cooperative, soft-hearted
What are the personalities that are included under the agreeableness dimension
relaxed, secure, unworried
What are the personalities that are included under the emotional stability dimension
self efficacy
What can managers do with ___________________, is to give constructive pointers and positive feedback, create goals that are progressively more challenging, offer guided experiences, mentoring, and role modeling
self esteem
__________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves
role conflict
____________ occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in ones life
diversity
____________ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike-- the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background
internals
_______________ may prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions
nonwork demands
_________________ -people are dealing with innumerable situations in their personal lives, adding to overall stress
organizational behavior
_________________ dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work
group demand
_________________ is when people dont get along, that can be a greater stressor
low level jobs
__________________ can be more stressful because employees often have less control over their lives and thus have less work satisfaction
high self esteem
__________________ people are more apt to handle failure better, emphasize the positive and to take more risks
low self esteem
__________________ people tend to focus more on ones weaknesses, may be more dependent on others
role ambiguity
___________________ occurs when others expectations are unknown
nonwork demands
____________________ deals with our personal lives
locus of control
____________________ indicates how people believe they control their fate through their own efforts
organizational demand
______________________ an organizational culture that promotes high-pressure work demands on employees will fuel the stress response
emotional intelligence
______________________ is moderately associated with better social relations, well being and satisfaction, and higher creativity
core self evaluation
________________________ represents a broad personality trait compromising four positive individual traits
buffers
_____________that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to burnout
role overload
____________occurs when others expectations exceed ones ability
stereotyping
____________tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs
emotional, mental, physical exhaustion
a burnout is a state of _____________, ______________, and even ________________
attitude
a learned predisposition toward a given object
values
abstract ideals that guide ones thinking and behavior across all situations
feelings or emotions
affective attitude deals with __________________ or ________________ one has about a situation
employee engagement
an individuals involvement, satisfaction and enthusiasm for work
implicit bias
attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner
intends or expects to behave
behavioral is how one _______ or __________ to __________ toward a situaiton
beliefs and knowledge
cognitive is the _____________ and _______________ one has about a situation
attitude
directly influences our behavior
both differences and similarities
diversity emcompasses _____________________________
external highly structured jobs
employees with __________ locus of control might do better in ___________________ requiring greater compliance
internal high initiative and lower compliance
employees with __________ locus of control should probably be placed in jobs required ______________________ and ________________`
urgency, intensity, and enthusiasm, as well as focus
engaged employees feeling of _____________, _____________, and _____________ as well as _________, making them more committed
halo effect
forming an impression of an individual based on a single trait
coworkers and managers
group demand is created by ______________ and _____________
requiring intergroup contact, positive feedback, clear norms of behavior
how to take steps forward from implicit bias
job satisfaction
if managers are able to increase _______________, employees may show higher levels of commitment, which in turn can elicit higher performance and lower employee turnover
age stereotypes
inaccurately believing that older workers are less motivated, resistant to change, less trusting, and less healthy
Type A personality
one source of job related stress is individual differences which inclue a ______________________________
explain and predict
organizational behavior tries to help managers _________ and _________________ work behavior, so they can better lead and motivate their employees to perform productively
environment and organizational culture
organizational demands are created by __________________ and _______________________
fundamental attribution bias
people attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors
self serving bias
people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure
psychological traits and behavioral attributes
personality is the stable ___________________________ and _____________________________ that give a person his or her identity
influence the environment
proactive personality is someone who is more apt to take initiative and persevere to ______________________________________
informal aspects
the ______________ are the focus of the interdisciplinary field known as organizational behavior
sleeplessness, changes in eating habits, increased smoking, alcohol or drug abuse
the behavioral symptoms of stress include:
learned helplessness
the debilitating lack of faith in ones ability to control ones environment
emotional stability
the extent to which people feel secure and unworried and the which they are likely to experience negative emotions under pressure
formal aspects
the goals, policies, hierarchy and structure are the ______________________ or organizational behavior
perception
the process of interpreting and understanding ones environment
1. selective attention 2. interpretation & evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. Retrieving from memory to make judgements & decisions
the process of perception is complex, but it can be boiled down to four steps. what are they
cognitive dissonance
the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior
boredom, irritability, nervousness, anger, anxiety, depression
the psychological symptoms of stress include:
stress
the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively
backaches, headaches, sweaty palms, nausea
what are some physiological symptoms of stress?
self efficacy self esteem locus of control emotional stability
what are the four positive individual traits that core self evaluation represents
dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent
what are the personalities that are included under the conscientiousness dimension
intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded
what are the personalities that are included under the openness to experience dimension
affective, cognitive, behavioral
what are the three components of attitudes
self awareness, self management, social awareness, relationship management
what are the traits of emotional intelligence
self esteem
when dealing with _______________, managers can reinforce employees positive attributes and skills, provide positive feedback whenever possible, break larger projects into smaller task and projects
external locus of control
you believe external forces control you
internal locus of control
you believe you control your destiny
role conflict
your boss expects you to stay late to cover the workload of a coworker who is out sick, but you are supposed to help your mother with some work on her house tonight. You are suffering from ________________________
buffers
your can use ___________ to reduce stressors in organizations
