Chapter 11 management

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self efficacy

belief in one's ability to do a task

organizational commitment

reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

sex-role stereotypes

research revealed that men were preferred for male-dominated jobs, women have harder time being perceived as effective leaders

job satisfaction

research shows a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and ______________________, performance, turnover, and organizational citizenship behavior

emotional intelligence

some claim it to be the secret elixir to happiness and high performance

role over load, role conflict, and role ambiguity

some sources of job related stress is the individual role demand which consists of _____________, _____________, and_____________

race stereotypes

studies demonstrated that people of color experienced more perceived discrimination and less psychological support than whites

counterproductive work behaviors

such behaviors may include absenteeism and tardiness, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems but also extend beyond them to more serious acts such as accidents, sabotage, and sexual harrassment

organizational citizenship behaviors

suggestions for improvement, training new people, respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules, care for organizational property, and punctuality and attendance

recency effect

tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information

job satisfaction

extent to which you feel positively or negatively about various aspects of your work

causal attributions

inferring causes for observed behavior

self fulfilling prophecy

is a phenomenon by which peoples expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true

emotional intelligence

is the ability to monitor yours and others feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

work, pay, promotions, coworkers, and supervision

job satisfaction depends on how you feel about several components such as ________, ________, ____________, ________________, and ________________

low self efficacy

learned helplessness is associated with _________________

anxiety, negatively

low levels of emotional stablility are prone to ____________ and tend to view the world _____________-

self fulfilling prophecy

managerial expectations powerfully influence employee behavior and performance

fundamental attribution bias and self serving bias

two tendencies that distort an individuals interpretation of behavior are

individual task demands

Another source of job related stress is __________________which involves the job itself

better job performance

High levels of emotional stability tend to show __________________________________

importance, control, and rewards

How people deal with the discomfort depends on _______________, __________, and ___________-

physiological, psychological, behavioral

Negative stress reveals itself in three kinds of symptoms:

burnout

Negative stress symptoms can lead to a ________________

stereotyping implicit bias halo effect the recency effect casual attributions

There are distortions in perception by __________, _____________, ________________, __________ and ______________

chronic

Type A behavior pattern, meaning they are involved in a _____________, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time

outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive

What are personalities that are included under the extroversion dimension

extroverison agreeableness emotional stability conscientiousness openness to experience

What are the 5 personality dimensions?

trusting, good-natured, cooperative, soft-hearted

What are the personalities that are included under the agreeableness dimension

relaxed, secure, unworried

What are the personalities that are included under the emotional stability dimension

self efficacy

What can managers do with ___________________, is to give constructive pointers and positive feedback, create goals that are progressively more challenging, offer guided experiences, mentoring, and role modeling

self esteem

__________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves

role conflict

____________ occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in ones life

diversity

____________ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike-- the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background

internals

_______________ may prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions

nonwork demands

_________________ -people are dealing with innumerable situations in their personal lives, adding to overall stress

organizational behavior

_________________ dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work

group demand

_________________ is when people dont get along, that can be a greater stressor

low level jobs

__________________ can be more stressful because employees often have less control over their lives and thus have less work satisfaction

high self esteem

__________________ people are more apt to handle failure better, emphasize the positive and to take more risks

low self esteem

__________________ people tend to focus more on ones weaknesses, may be more dependent on others

role ambiguity

___________________ occurs when others expectations are unknown

nonwork demands

____________________ deals with our personal lives

locus of control

____________________ indicates how people believe they control their fate through their own efforts

organizational demand

______________________ an organizational culture that promotes high-pressure work demands on employees will fuel the stress response

emotional intelligence

______________________ is moderately associated with better social relations, well being and satisfaction, and higher creativity

core self evaluation

________________________ represents a broad personality trait compromising four positive individual traits

buffers

_____________that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to burnout

role overload

____________occurs when others expectations exceed ones ability

stereotyping

____________tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs

emotional, mental, physical exhaustion

a burnout is a state of _____________, ______________, and even ________________

attitude

a learned predisposition toward a given object

values

abstract ideals that guide ones thinking and behavior across all situations

feelings or emotions

affective attitude deals with __________________ or ________________ one has about a situation

employee engagement

an individuals involvement, satisfaction and enthusiasm for work

implicit bias

attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

intends or expects to behave

behavioral is how one _______ or __________ to __________ toward a situaiton

beliefs and knowledge

cognitive is the _____________ and _______________ one has about a situation

attitude

directly influences our behavior

both differences and similarities

diversity emcompasses _____________________________

external highly structured jobs

employees with __________ locus of control might do better in ___________________ requiring greater compliance

internal high initiative and lower compliance

employees with __________ locus of control should probably be placed in jobs required ______________________ and ________________`

urgency, intensity, and enthusiasm, as well as focus

engaged employees feeling of _____________, _____________, and _____________ as well as _________, making them more committed

halo effect

forming an impression of an individual based on a single trait

coworkers and managers

group demand is created by ______________ and _____________

requiring intergroup contact, positive feedback, clear norms of behavior

how to take steps forward from implicit bias

job satisfaction

if managers are able to increase _______________, employees may show higher levels of commitment, which in turn can elicit higher performance and lower employee turnover

age stereotypes

inaccurately believing that older workers are less motivated, resistant to change, less trusting, and less healthy

Type A personality

one source of job related stress is individual differences which inclue a ______________________________

explain and predict

organizational behavior tries to help managers _________ and _________________ work behavior, so they can better lead and motivate their employees to perform productively

environment and organizational culture

organizational demands are created by __________________ and _______________________

fundamental attribution bias

people attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors

self serving bias

people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure

psychological traits and behavioral attributes

personality is the stable ___________________________ and _____________________________ that give a person his or her identity

influence the environment

proactive personality is someone who is more apt to take initiative and persevere to ______________________________________

informal aspects

the ______________ are the focus of the interdisciplinary field known as organizational behavior

sleeplessness, changes in eating habits, increased smoking, alcohol or drug abuse

the behavioral symptoms of stress include:

learned helplessness

the debilitating lack of faith in ones ability to control ones environment

emotional stability

the extent to which people feel secure and unworried and the which they are likely to experience negative emotions under pressure

formal aspects

the goals, policies, hierarchy and structure are the ______________________ or organizational behavior

perception

the process of interpreting and understanding ones environment

1. selective attention 2. interpretation & evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. Retrieving from memory to make judgements & decisions

the process of perception is complex, but it can be boiled down to four steps. what are they

cognitive dissonance

the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior

boredom, irritability, nervousness, anger, anxiety, depression

the psychological symptoms of stress include:

stress

the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively

backaches, headaches, sweaty palms, nausea

what are some physiological symptoms of stress?

self efficacy self esteem locus of control emotional stability

what are the four positive individual traits that core self evaluation represents

dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent

what are the personalities that are included under the conscientiousness dimension

intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

what are the personalities that are included under the openness to experience dimension

affective, cognitive, behavioral

what are the three components of attitudes

self awareness, self management, social awareness, relationship management

what are the traits of emotional intelligence

self esteem

when dealing with _______________, managers can reinforce employees positive attributes and skills, provide positive feedback whenever possible, break larger projects into smaller task and projects

external locus of control

you believe external forces control you

internal locus of control

you believe you control your destiny

role conflict

your boss expects you to stay late to cover the workload of a coworker who is out sick, but you are supposed to help your mother with some work on her house tonight. You are suffering from ________________________

buffers

your can use ___________ to reduce stressors in organizations


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