Chapter 11: Nucleic Acids
How many basic types of nucleic acids exist?
2 DNA and RNA
The sugar end of the DNA strand is referred to as the _____ end and the phosphate end is referred to as the _____ end.
3' ; 5'
Which of the following statements is true?
Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Which of the following forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose and a phosphate group
Which of the following bases are categorized as purines?
Guanine and adenine
DNA consists of four different nitrogenous bases, which are:
Guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine
Which of the following are reasons why RNA is generally less stable than DNA? I. Fewer hydrogen bonds II. Prevalence of proteins that can degrade RNA III. Fewer -OH groups in the sugar of RNA
I. Fewer hydrogen bonds and II. Prevalence of proteins that can degrade RNA
Which of the following are ways in which RNA is different than DNA: I. Single-stranded II. Ribose III. Uracil
I. Single-stranded II. Ribose and III. Uracil
The following concepts led to the hypothesis that DNA has a double helix structure: I. The ratio of A:T is 1:1. II. The ratio of G:C is 2:1 III. DNA strands are antiparallel
I. The ratio of A:T is 1:1. and III. DNA strands are antiparallel
Which of the following is a primary function of a nucleic acid? I. Structural support II. Storage of information III. Energy storage
II. Storage of information
Which of the following scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
mRNA
Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.
Which of these statements is NOT true?
NOT TRUE RNA is stable. TRUE DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein. Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, whereas DNA contains thymine. There are three types of RNA, including mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
A nucleic acid monomer is called:
Nucleotide
A phosphodiester bond links:
Sugar and phosphate group
Which of the following statements is true?
TRUE: Hydrogen bonds can form between bases in a single RNA molecule. FALSE: cRNA is the copy created when DNA is transcribed into RNA. tRNA transfers proteins to the cell membrane. The Central Dogma states that DNA is the most important nucleic acid.
Which of the following statements is true?
TRUE: With three billion base pairs in humans, each person has a unique DNA sequence. FALSE: DNA is organized in a straight ladder design. Only Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Oswald Avery did not have evidence that DNA is the molecule of heredity.
Why do DNA strands need to be antiparallel?
The strands need to run in opposite directions for hydrogen bonding to work.
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in RNA?
Thymine
tRNA (transfer RNA)
Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes.
Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Uracil
