Chapter 11

Government statistics show that firearm account for about __ % of adolescent suicides

50

Define abstinence syndrome

A characteristic cluster of symptoms that result in sudden decrease in the levels of usage of a substance.

Define osteoporosis

A condition involving progressive loss of bone tissue

Define secular trend

A historical trend towards increasing adult height and earlier puberty.

What is substance use disorder

A persistent pattern of using a substance characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction

Define feedback

A system in which glands regulate each other's functioning through a series of hormonal messages

Define bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging as a means of controlling weight gain

Define anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by irrational fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and severe weight loss.

What is self-efficacy expectations?

Belief that we will be able to successfully meet the requirements of our situations.

A disturbing risk factor for eating disorders in adolescent females in a history of _______________ abuse

Child, sexual

What is hallucinogenics

Drugs that give rise to hallucinations

Which of the following is true about early- and late-maturing adolescents? a. Early-maturing boys are more likely to be agitated and ill-natured b. Early maturing boys are often dominated by late-maturing boys c. Early-maturing girls become conspicuous with their height and development of their breast d. Early-maturing girls are at less risk of psychological problems and substance abuse

Early-maturing girls become conspicuous with their height and development of their breast

Define nocturnal emission

Emission of seminal fluid while asleep

True or False American adolescents are growing taller than their parents

False

True or False Substance abuse is the leading cause of death among male adolescents in the United States

False Accidents, homicide and suicide all account for larger numbers of death.

True or False Girls are fertile immediately after their first menstrual period

False Girls usually begin to ovulate 12 to 18 months after menarche

True or False Girls who mature early have higher self-esteem than those who mature late

False It is true that boys who mature early often have higher self-esteem than boys who mature late, but it seems to work in the opposite way for girls. That is, late-maturing girls appear to have higher self-esteem than early-maturing girls.

All of the following are risk factors for adolescents dropping out of school except a. living in a rural area b. excessive school absence c. reading below grade level d. becoming a parent as a teenager.

Living in a rural area

____________ emissions are also known as "wet Dreams"

Nocturnal

Define secondary sex characteristics

Physical indicators of sexual maturation -such as changes to the voice and growth of bodily hair- that do not directly involve reproductive structures

__________________ triggers the development of acne, which afflicts 75% to 90% of adolescents

Testosterone

What is imaginary audience

The belief that others around us are as concerned with our thoughts and behaviors as we are; one aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

What is personal fable

The belief that our feelings and ideas are special and unique and that we are invulnerable; one aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

Define puberty

The biological stage of development characterized by changes that lead to reproductive capacity

Define semen

The fluid that contains perm and substances that nourish and help transport sperm

What is formal operations?

The fourth stage of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, characterized by the capacity for flexible, reversible operations concerning abstract ideas and concepts, such as symbols, statements, and theories.

Define menarche

The onset of menstruation

define epiphyseal closure

The process by which the cartilage that separates the long end of a bone from the main part of the bone turns into bone

Define primary sex characteristics

The structures that make reproduction possibles

True or False It is normal for male adolescents to think of themselves as action heroes and to act as though they are made of steel

True

What is asynchronous growth?

Unbalanced growth, such as the growth that occurs during the early part of adolescence and causes many adolescents to appear gawky

Two predictors of school dropouts are reading below grade level and excessive school __________

absence

The major cause of death for adolescents is

accidents, injuries

What is postconventional level?

according to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards.

Adolescents may be awkward and gawky due to __________ growth

asynchronous

According to the text, perfectionistic and obsessionistic personality traits play a role in

eating disorders

Menstruation is the sloughing off of the

endometrium

Define gynecomastia

enlargement of breast tissues in males

The stage of _____________ operations is the top level of Jean Piaget's theory

formal

Adolescents who have reached Piaget's stage of formal operation different from children who are still at Piaget's stage of concrete operations in that they are capable of

hypothetical thinking

Of the following, the least likely cause of death for an adolescents is a. homicide b. pneumonia c. cancer d. suicide

pneumonia

We would probably find that, as a group, adolescent females tend to be somewhat better than boys in

reading

The historical trend towards increasing adult height was accompanied by an earlier onset of puberty, and is known as the ___________ trend

secular

In terms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Stage 6 moral reasoning is least likely to be based on

seeking revenge for insults

Gynecomastia stem from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the

testes

Many adolescents believe that their parents and other adults-even other adolescents- could never understand what they are feeling or the depth of their passions. This way of thinking reflects

the personal fable

On a cognitive level, research evidence shows that adolescents males tend to outperform adolescent females on tasks requiring ____________ ability.

visual-spatial