chapter 11 part 2

arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. the exceptions to this rule are the ___ arteries and veins

pulmonary

large veins have ___ to prevent the backflow of blood

valves

twisted, dilated veins resulting from overworked valves

varicose veins

the narrowing of blood vessels is known as ____

vasoconstriction

outermost layer surrounding the heart anchors it to the sternum and diaphragm

fibrous pericardium

the flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ___

foramen ovale

abnormal heart sounds

heart murmurs

cardiac output is the product of ___ and ___

heart rate and stroke volume

the single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ___

hepatic portal vein

during mid-to-late diastole, the pressure in the heart is ___

low

the heart is situated within the medial portion of the thoracic cavity, an indention known as the ___

mediastinum

the flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ___

microcirculation

the bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ___ valve

mitral

heart attack

myocardial infarction

the layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ___

myocardium

the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ___

pacemaker

outermost serous membrane layer that is deep to the fibrous pericardium yet superficial to the visceral pericardium

parietal pericardium

inflammation of the pericardium surrounding the heart

pericarditis

the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels is known as ___

peripheral resistance

the first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ___ valves

atrioventricular

the longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ___

great saphenous veins

heart chamber with the thickest wall

left ventricle

inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart

left ventricle

roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve

left ventricle

this chamber sends blood into the aorta

left ventricle

the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by letter

C

the atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by letter

B

the average heart beats about __ times per minute

75

the sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by letter

A

the valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the __ valves

AV or atrioventricular

the bundle of branches are indicated by letter

D

the purkinje fibers are indicated by label

E

the electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results form depolarization of the atria is the ___

P wave

chest pain resulting from loss of oxygen to the myocardium

angina pectoris

the largest artery in the blood is the ___

aorta

larger blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ___

arteries

the aorta is classified as one of these vessels

arteries

these vessels carry blood away from the heart

arteries

these vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media

arteries

the two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ___, while the two inferior discharging chamber of the heart are known as the ___

atria, ventricles

the pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels is known as ___

blood pressure

fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ___ while ___ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed

blood pressure, osmotic pressure

the ___ veins join to form the superior vena cava before emptying into the right atrium

brachiocephalic

nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels

capillaries

venules drain these tiny vessels

capillaries

the amount of blood being pumped out of each side the heart in one minute is called ___

cardiac output

the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ___

chordae tendinea

the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ___

epicardium

when ventricles ___, the AV valves are closed

contract

blood nourishing the myocardium with oxygenated blood comes form vessels that branch off the aorta called ___

coronary arteries

clogging of the heart's vessels with fatty buildup

coronary atherosclerosis

the coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ____

coronary sinus

a recording of the heart's electrical activity is referred to as a(n) ___

electrocardiogram or ECG

bacterial infection of the endocardium

endocarditis

a systolic blood pressure reading below 100 mm Hg is called ___

hypotension

the hormones epinephrine and thyroxine will cause the heart rate to ___

increase

branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ___, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood

internal carotid arteries

the partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ___

interventricular septum

the organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ___

kidneys

the four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

left atrium

the circulation from the heart to the lungs and back is known as ___ circulation

pulmonary

blood leaves the right ventricle through a large artery called the ___

pulmonary trunk

the left atrium receives blood from the lungs via vessels identified as ___

pulmonary veins

heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node

right atrium

the coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber

right atrium

heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

the type of tissue composing the tunica intimate is ___

squamous epithelial tissue

the term that means heart contraction is ___

systole

the vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the umbilical ___

vein

blood pressure in these vessels is low

veins

some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow

veins

superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels

veins

these vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood

veins

these vessels return blood to the heart

veins

epicardium of the heart is synonymous with this serous membrane layer

visceral pericardium