chapter 11 part 2
arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. the exceptions to this rule are the ___ arteries and veins
pulmonary
large veins have ___ to prevent the backflow of blood
valves
twisted, dilated veins resulting from overworked valves
varicose veins
the narrowing of blood vessels is known as ____
vasoconstriction
outermost layer surrounding the heart anchors it to the sternum and diaphragm
fibrous pericardium
the flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ___
foramen ovale
abnormal heart sounds
heart murmurs
cardiac output is the product of ___ and ___
heart rate and stroke volume
the single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ___
hepatic portal vein
during mid-to-late diastole, the pressure in the heart is ___
low
the heart is situated within the medial portion of the thoracic cavity, an indention known as the ___
mediastinum
the flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ___
microcirculation
the bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ___ valve
mitral
heart attack
myocardial infarction
the layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ___
myocardium
the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ___
pacemaker
outermost serous membrane layer that is deep to the fibrous pericardium yet superficial to the visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
inflammation of the pericardium surrounding the heart
pericarditis
the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels is known as ___
peripheral resistance
the first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ___ valves
atrioventricular
the longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ___
great saphenous veins
heart chamber with the thickest wall
left ventricle
inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart
left ventricle
roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve
left ventricle
this chamber sends blood into the aorta
left ventricle
the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by letter
C
the atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by letter
B
the average heart beats about __ times per minute
75
the sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by letter
A
the valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the __ valves
AV or atrioventricular
the bundle of branches are indicated by letter
D
the purkinje fibers are indicated by label
E
the electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results form depolarization of the atria is the ___
P wave
chest pain resulting from loss of oxygen to the myocardium
angina pectoris
the largest artery in the blood is the ___
aorta
larger blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ___
arteries
the aorta is classified as one of these vessels
arteries
these vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
these vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media
arteries
the two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ___, while the two inferior discharging chamber of the heart are known as the ___
atria, ventricles
the pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels is known as ___
blood pressure
fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ___ while ___ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed
blood pressure, osmotic pressure
the ___ veins join to form the superior vena cava before emptying into the right atrium
brachiocephalic
nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels
capillaries
venules drain these tiny vessels
capillaries
the amount of blood being pumped out of each side the heart in one minute is called ___
cardiac output
the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ___
chordae tendinea
the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ___
epicardium
when ventricles ___, the AV valves are closed
contract
blood nourishing the myocardium with oxygenated blood comes form vessels that branch off the aorta called ___
coronary arteries
clogging of the heart's vessels with fatty buildup
coronary atherosclerosis
the coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ____
coronary sinus
a recording of the heart's electrical activity is referred to as a(n) ___
electrocardiogram or ECG
bacterial infection of the endocardium
endocarditis
a systolic blood pressure reading below 100 mm Hg is called ___
hypotension
the hormones epinephrine and thyroxine will cause the heart rate to ___
increase
branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ___, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood
internal carotid arteries
the partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ___
interventricular septum
the organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ___
kidneys
the four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber
left atrium
the circulation from the heart to the lungs and back is known as ___ circulation
pulmonary
blood leaves the right ventricle through a large artery called the ___
pulmonary trunk
the left atrium receives blood from the lungs via vessels identified as ___
pulmonary veins
heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node
right atrium
the coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
right atrium
heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
the type of tissue composing the tunica intimate is ___
squamous epithelial tissue
the term that means heart contraction is ___
systole
the vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the umbilical ___
vein
blood pressure in these vessels is low
veins
some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow
veins
superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels
veins
these vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood
veins
these vessels return blood to the heart
veins
epicardium of the heart is synonymous with this serous membrane layer
visceral pericardium