Chapter 11 Practice Questions: Cardiovascular System
Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? - increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume - increased heart rate and increased stroke volume - decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume - decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume
- increased heart rate and increased stroke volume Yes, cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.
True or False: The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.
False
True or false: A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systolic pressure.
False
True or false: Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.
False
True or false: Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.
False
True or false: Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one minute.
False
True or false: The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract.
False
True or false: The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.
False
True or false: The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.
False
True or false: The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.
False
The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________. - Label A - Label B - Label C - Label D - Label E
Label C
Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node? - T - QRS - S-T - P
P
True or false: Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.
True
True or false: From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
True
True or false: Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.
True
Vascular surgeon
a surgeon who repairs damaged blood vessels
Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure? - epinephrine - sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - cold - angiotensin II - alcohol
alcohol
Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? - epinephrine - thyroxine - antidiuretic hormone - aldosterone - glucagon
aldosterone
Hepatitis
an infection of the liver
Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery? - circumflex and marginal arteries - posterior interventricular and marginal arteries - anterior interventricular and marginal arteries - anterior and posterior interventricular arteries - anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
What is largest artery in the body? - aorta - common carotid artery - brachiocephalic artery - pulmonary trunk
aorta
Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? - bicuspid (mitral) valve - tricuspid valve - aortic semilunar valve - pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. - apex - mediastinum - base - pericardium
apex
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. - arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds - arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins - arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules - arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules - arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media? - artery - capillary - venule - vein
artery
Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal? - Purkinje fibers - atrioventricular (AV) bundle - bundle branches - atrioventricular (AV) node
atrioventricular (AV) node
Pulmonary arteries transport ________. - oxygenated blood to the lungs - oxygenated blood to the heart - oxygenated blood directly to the aorta - blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs - blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava? - hepatic portal vein - brachiocephalic vein - common iliac vein - renal vein - great saphenous vein
brachiocephalic vein
What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck? - common jugular artery - jugular vein - common carotid artery - facial artery
common carotid artery
Arteiosclerosis
condition in which arteries harden
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? - blood within heart chambers - pulmonary vein - coronary arteries - superior vena cava (SVC)
coronary arteries
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________. - superior vena cava - pulmonary vein - inferior vena cava - coronary sinus
coronary sinus
Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries? - marginal artery - anterior interventricular artery - circumflex artery - coronary sinus
coronary sinus
The root word scler- means
hard
The root word cardi- means
heart
Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? - diastole and systole - heart rate and stroke volume - heart rate and blood pressure - blood pressure and peripheral resistance - contraction and relaxation
heart rate and stroke volume
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. - blood pressure to increase - heart rate to increase - heart rate to decrease - heart rate to increase, then decrease
heart rate to decrease
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. - orthostatic hypotension - circulatory shock - myocardial infarction - hypertension (high blood pressure)
hypertension (high blood pressure)
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. - hiatus - mediastinum - diaphragm - hilus - pleural cavity
mediastinum
Pericardium
membrane surrounding the heart
What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called? - hepatic portal circulation - microcirculation - systemic circulation - pulmonary circulation
microcirculation
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries? - systolic pressure - blood pressure - diastolic pressure - osmotic pressure
osmotic pressure
The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. - diastolic pressure - cardiac output - blood pressure - stroke volume - peripheral resistance
peripheral resistance
Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein? - superior vena cava - hepatic portal vein - popliteal vein - external iliac vein - common iliac vein
popliteal vein
The root word -tension means
pressure
What is the function of the heart valves? - allows blood to flow from one chamber to the next - synchronizes blood flow through chambers on each side of the heart - regulates blood pressure in the chambers of the heart - prevents backflow of blood
prevents backflow of blood
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? - pulmonary artery - superior vena cava - pulmonary vein - coronary sinus - inferior vena cava
pulmonary vein
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart? - aorta - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins
The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________. - stroke volume - pressure point - cardiac output - pulse
pulse
Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? - renal artery - radial artery - posterior tibial artery - dorsalis pedis artery - facial artery
renal artery
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta? - left brachiocephalic artery - right pulmonary artery - left internal carotid artery - right subclavian artery - right and left coronary arteries
right and left coronary arteries
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? - right ventricle - right atrium - left ventricle - left atrium
right atrium Yes, the right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. - right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk - left ventricle and aorta - left ventricle and pulmonary artery - right atrium and left atrium - right atrium and right ventricle
right atrium and right ventricle
Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? - left subclavian artery - left common carotid artery - right common carotid artery - brachiocephalic artery - thoracic aorta
right common carotid artery
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? - right ventricle - left ventricle - right atrium - left atrium
right ventricle Yes, the right ventricle pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk to the lungs.
You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. - sinoatrial (SA) node - atrioventricular (AV) node - atrioventricular (AV) bundle - left bundle branch - Purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? - sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers - atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches - atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers - sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches - sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
A pulmonary embolism can be a direct result from which of the following conditions? - pericarditis - varicose veins - thrombophlebitis - ischemia
thrombophlebitis
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium? - tricuspid valve - bicuspid valve - pulmonary semilunar valve - aortic semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? - tricuspid valve - pulmonary semilunar valve - aortic semilunar valve - bicuspid (mitral) valve
tricuspid valve
The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. - tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media - tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima - tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa - tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima - tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected? - tunica externa - tunica media - tunica intima - tunica adventitia
tunica media
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? - two pumps - three pumps - one pump
two pumps Yes, the right side of the heart pumps to/from the lungs (pulmonary circuit) and the left side of the heart pumps to/from the rest of the body (the systemic circuit).
Which of the following will slow the heart rate? - exercise - sympathetic nerves - vagus nerve stimulation - excess calcium
vagus nerve stimulation
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. - tunics - valves - sphincters - shunts
valves
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels? - no effect - vasoconstriction - vasodilation - vasodilation, then vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction
The root word vas- means
vessel
The mitral valve is normally closed ________. - by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle - when the atrium is contracting - when the ventricle is relaxed - when the ventricle is in systole - when the ventricle is in diastole
when the ventricle is in systole
How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output? - decreased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output - increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output - decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output - no change in stroke volume and decreased cardiac output
decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output Yes, a decreased blood volume would decrease the end diastolic volume, thus lowering the stroke volume. Although this would initially lead to a decrease in the cardiac output, heart rate would increase because of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in an effort to maintain cardiac output.
By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues? - vesicular transport - diffusion through capillary cell membranes - diffusion through pores - moving through intercellular clefts
diffusion through capillary cell membranes
The brachial vein ________. - drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava - drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein - drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava - drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein - drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein
drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. - parietal layer of the serous pericardium - myocardium - epicardium - endocardium - either endocardium or epicardium
epicardium
Which of the following would increase heart rate? - epinephrine and norepinephrine - increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system - decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system - acetylcholine
epinephrine and norepinephrine Yes, secreted by the adrenal medulla as a result of sympathetic stimulation, these hormones act as part of the sympathetic response, increasing heart rate.
What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis? - internal iliac vein - great saphenous vein - external iliac vein - anterior tibial vein
external iliac vein
How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? - increased end systolic volume - increased end diastolic volume - increased contractility - decreased end diastolic volume
increased contractility Yes, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity would increase contractility (by increasing available calcium), thus increasing stroke volume. Contractility causes an increase in stroke volume by decreasing end systolic volume; it does not change end diastolic volume.
By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume? - increased contractility - increased end diastolic volume - decreased end diastolic volume - increased end systolic volume
increased end diastolic volume Yes, an increase in venous return increases the end diastolic volume. The fibers are stretched more, resulting in an increase in the force of contraction (preload, or the Frank-Starling Mechanism).
Where is the radial artery located? - crural region - medial forearm - brachial region - lateral forearm
lateral forearm
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? - right atrium - left atrium - right ventricle - left ventricle
left atrium Yes, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve? - right atrium - left ventricle - right ventricle - left atrium
left ventricle
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? - right atrium - right ventricle - left atrium - left ventricle
left ventricle Yes, the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the entire body (systemic circuit).
The root word hepat- means
liver
What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? - kidney - liver - brain - large intestine - pancreas
liver
Hypotension
lower than normal blood pressure
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. - brain - skin - digestive organs - lungs - body
lungs
Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary? - special capillary type found in the liver - special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important - unique capillary type that helps form the blood-brain barrier - typical capillary type found in muscle, nerve tissue, and connective tissue
special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important
From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood? - hypothalamus and anterior pituitary - right and left kidneys - stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas - the liver
stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________. - diastolic pressure - cardiac output - stroke volume - cardiac cycle - heart rate
stroke volume
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat? - stroke volume (SV) - heart rate (HR) - blood pressure (BP) - cardiac output (CO)
stroke volume (SV)
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. - common iliac vein - superior vena cava - great saphenous vein - inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
What term refers to the contraction of the heart? - systole - cardiac cycle - diastole - stroke volume (SV)
systole
