Chapter 11: Psychology 101

_____, a _____ psychologist, wrote that people are driven "to feel free and to be free."

Abraham Maslow; humanistic

Which psychologist is paired with the correct concept?

Albert Bandura - self-efficacy

_____ rejected the behaviorists' argument that psychologists should focus only on observable behavior.

Both Rotter and Bandura

Young girls experience the _____ complex during the ____ stage of psychosexual development.

Electra; phallic

The most commonly used objective personality test is the:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).

Which stage of psychosexual development is correctly matched with its age range?

anal - 11/2-3 years

Both the _____ and the _____ theories of personality have been criticized for their narrow focus.

behavioral; social-cognitive

In Freud's model of the mind, the _____ acts as a mediator or negotiator.

ego

Gina believes that meeting "that special someone" is a matter of luck. Unfortunately, Gina also believes that she is a spectacularly unlucky person. How would Julian Rotter summarize Gina's pattern of beliefs?

external locus of control, low expectancy

Betty does not believe she can meet the weight-loss and strength-training goals her personal trainer has set. In Bandura's terms, Betty:

has low self-efficacy.

Which sequence BEST reflects the extent to which Freud's personality structures operate consciously, from LEAST conscious to MOST conscious?

id > superego > ego

Age is _____ correlated with neuroticism scores and ______ correlated with extraversion scores.

negatively; negatively

With respect to national personality stereotypes, empirical research:

offers no support for their validity.

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the consistent, enduring characteristics that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:

personality.

According to Freud, during which stage of psychosexual development must the developing child negotiate the Oedipal conflict?

phallic

The humanistic perspective on personality may be considered a reaction against the _____ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Chantal is self-sufficient and somewhat unconventional. She is tolerant and open-minded. She has a strong sense of self and a close circle of lifelong friends. In Maslow's terms, Chantal seems to have a _____ personality.

self-actualized

What one calls one's "conscience" in everyday life corresponds to the _____ in Freud's model of the mind.

superego

"Every time I take it, it comes up with something different!" remarks Rita, turning away from the online personality quiz she just completed. Rita is complaining about the test's ______ reliability.

test-retest

According to Carl Rogers, people experience anxiety when:

their self-concept is at odds with their experience.