Chapter 11 - The Civil War

Income Tax

Tax on earnings.

John Wilkes Booth

The 26 year old assassin who killed Lincoln.

Chancellorsville

1863 - The South defeated the North at Chancellorsville, Virginia.

Copperhead

A Northern Democrat who advocated making peace with the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Clara Barton

A Union nurse who cared for the sick and wounded at the front lines. After her courage under fire at Antietam, a surgeon described her as the "angel of the battlefield."

Habeas Corpus

A court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being held legally.

Gettysburg Address

A famous speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln in November 1863, at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.

Shiloh

A small Tennessee Church where the Confederates surprised the Union troops under Grant.

Anaconda Plan

A three-part strategy by which the Union proposed to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War.

Thirteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1865, that had abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines.

Red Cross

An international organization that provides relief to people in times of war or natural disaster. Clara Barton founded the American branch in 1881.

Monitor

An ironclad ship used by the North in the Civil War.

Merrimack

An ironclad ship used by the South in the Civil War.

Antietam

Sluggish Creek. Battle Date - September 17th the clash proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History. Casualties total more than 26,000. Battle was a standoff.

Gettysburg

The July 3 infantry charge was part of a three - day battle at Gettysburg, which many historians considered the turning point of the Civil War. The battle of Gettysburg crippled the South so badly that General Lee would never again possess sufficient forces to invade a Northern state.

Andersonville

The worst Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia. 1/3 of Andersonville prisoner died because of the horrible living conditions.

Appomattox Court House

Town near Appomattox, Virginia, where Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865, thus ending the Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union General. Failed at everything he attempted as a civilian, but he was one brave, though, and decisive military commander. Captured two Confederate forts that held strategic positions on important rivers. "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted." USG = Unconditional Surrender Grant.

Vicksburg

While Grant was on his mission to gain control of the Mississippi, Vicksburg, Mississippi was one of two Confederate holdouts preventing the Union from taking complete control of the Mississippi River, an important waterway for transporting goods.

Robert E. Lee

Commander of the Confederates - Who opposed secession. However, Lee declined an offer to head the Union Army and cast his lot with his beloved state of Virginia.

Stonewall Jackson

Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson.

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter - South Carolina in Charleston Harbor. The attack on Fort Sumter triggered the start of the Civil War on April 18, 1861.

George McClellan

General of the Union appointed by Lincoln. Encamped near Washington McClellan drilled his men - soon to be known as the Army of the Potomac - the Union force in the West began the fight for control of the Mississippi.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Grant appointed Sherman as commander of the military division of the Mississippi.

National Bank Act

Legislation passed in 1863 to make banking safer for investors. Its provisions included a system of federally chartered banks, new requirements for loans, and a system for the inspection of banks.

David G. Farragut

Ship commander - sailed the Mississippi - objective seize New Orleans, the Confederacy's largest and busiest port and five days later - Union flag flew over New Orleans.

Conscription

The drafting of citizens for military service.

Bull Run

The first major bloodshed battle occurred on July 21st about 25 miles from the Union's capital a the creek of Bull Run. The battle was a seesaw affair, but a Southern victory.

Fort Pillow

Massacre. Tennessee, 1864. Confederate troops killed over 200 African Americans prisoners and some whites as they begged for their lives.