chapter 12

who was attracted to the evangelicalism of the second great awakening

diverse groups, because the message focused on human agency

what distinguished militant abolitionism from more moderate antislavery?

embrace of immediatism, view of slavery in larger societal terms

the temperance and abolitionist movements caused all the following problems for the whigs and democrats except

financial scandals

women played an important role in the second great awakening for all the following reasons except

most marriages were arranged by parents, so religious affiliation was the only significant life choice most young women ever made

the abolitionist movement split in 1840

over the issue of women's rights

the transcendentalists hoped to transcend

reason and the material world

Revivalism responded to a desire for

social order and control in the new, fast-changing, competitive market economy

beginning in the 1820s evangelical protestant churches appealed to those with strong democratic principles because such churches

taught that those who desired and worked for salvation could achieve it

why was the temperance movement especially popular among women?

temperance supporters stressed the misery that drunken men inflicted upon their wives and children

how did previous anti-drinking efforts differ from the policies advocated by the American Temperance Society?

the American temperance society promoted an end to alcohol consumption, not just more moderate drinking

why did hostility toward roman Catholics increase as the 19th century progressed?

the catholic population rose with influxes of german and irish immigrants

what new view of women developed as a result of the "cult of domesticity?"

women came to be seen as comforters and instructors in morality

-

-

the failures of new harmony and other socialist communities shower that the U.S. was not conductive to socialist experiments because

all correct: wages were too high, land was too cheap and plentiful, the spirit of individualism was too strong.

a crucial difference between the evangelicals of Lyman Beecher's generation and those of his children's generation is that his children's generation

attempted to reform the fundamental institutions of society

the shaker movement

believed that the end of the world was at hand and that therefore there was no reason to procreate

what distinguished abolitionism and the women's rights movements from previous american reform efforts

both pushed for legal and political solutions to social problems

tensions between catholics and protestants resulted for all the following reasons except

catholics' rejection of tradition and their insistence that individuals read the bible to discover god's will for themselves

abolition was strongest

in new England and in parts of NY and Ohio settled by new Englanders

how did the ideal of a "cult of domesticity" affect family life?

it resulted in fewer births so that women could devote more attention to each individual child

seneca falls, NY was the site of

the first major women's rights convention in the U.S.

generally, what issues split the american anti-slavery society and the abolition movement in 1840?

the question of whether to endorse women's rights

what socioeconomic condition contributed most to the spread of domesticity?

the spread of industrialization, which more clearly distinguished the workplace from the home

what impact did evangelical reform movements have on American politics?

the temperance movement weakened partisan identification while the antislavery movement heightened sectional identification, both contributing to a weakening of the party system.

by the mid-1800s, all the following groups had begun to cause political division except

transcendentalists