chapter 12
who was attracted to the evangelicalism of the second great awakening
diverse groups, because the message focused on human agency
what distinguished militant abolitionism from more moderate antislavery?
embrace of immediatism, view of slavery in larger societal terms
the temperance and abolitionist movements caused all the following problems for the whigs and democrats except
financial scandals
women played an important role in the second great awakening for all the following reasons except
most marriages were arranged by parents, so religious affiliation was the only significant life choice most young women ever made
the abolitionist movement split in 1840
over the issue of women's rights
the transcendentalists hoped to transcend
reason and the material world
Revivalism responded to a desire for
social order and control in the new, fast-changing, competitive market economy
beginning in the 1820s evangelical protestant churches appealed to those with strong democratic principles because such churches
taught that those who desired and worked for salvation could achieve it
why was the temperance movement especially popular among women?
temperance supporters stressed the misery that drunken men inflicted upon their wives and children
how did previous anti-drinking efforts differ from the policies advocated by the American Temperance Society?
the American temperance society promoted an end to alcohol consumption, not just more moderate drinking
why did hostility toward roman Catholics increase as the 19th century progressed?
the catholic population rose with influxes of german and irish immigrants
what new view of women developed as a result of the "cult of domesticity?"
women came to be seen as comforters and instructors in morality
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the failures of new harmony and other socialist communities shower that the U.S. was not conductive to socialist experiments because
all correct: wages were too high, land was too cheap and plentiful, the spirit of individualism was too strong.
a crucial difference between the evangelicals of Lyman Beecher's generation and those of his children's generation is that his children's generation
attempted to reform the fundamental institutions of society
the shaker movement
believed that the end of the world was at hand and that therefore there was no reason to procreate
what distinguished abolitionism and the women's rights movements from previous american reform efforts
both pushed for legal and political solutions to social problems
tensions between catholics and protestants resulted for all the following reasons except
catholics' rejection of tradition and their insistence that individuals read the bible to discover god's will for themselves
abolition was strongest
in new England and in parts of NY and Ohio settled by new Englanders
how did the ideal of a "cult of domesticity" affect family life?
it resulted in fewer births so that women could devote more attention to each individual child
seneca falls, NY was the site of
the first major women's rights convention in the U.S.
generally, what issues split the american anti-slavery society and the abolition movement in 1840?
the question of whether to endorse women's rights
what socioeconomic condition contributed most to the spread of domesticity?
the spread of industrialization, which more clearly distinguished the workplace from the home
what impact did evangelical reform movements have on American politics?
the temperance movement weakened partisan identification while the antislavery movement heightened sectional identification, both contributing to a weakening of the party system.
by the mid-1800s, all the following groups had begun to cause political division except
transcendentalists