Chapter 12

What was the Free-Soil Party?

A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery, their candidate was former president Martin Van Buren

What was the Alabama Platform?

A proposition made by William L. Yancy (of Alabama) to secure the Institution of slavery. It was rejected.

What were the Las Amistad trials?

A ship in which a group of slaves revolted and were captured off the coast of America. Which led to the question if they were free, slave or criminals.

The _______ _______ (end of slavery) began in northern colonies due to religious and moral conflicts with the idea of owning another person.

Abolition Movement

The Mexican American War made __________ fear that _______ would spread into more states, giving the Southern states ____ representation in the Senate and House

Abolitionists; Slavery; more

The La Amistad trial resulted in their freedom and they were returned to

Africa

Garrison also founded a national abolitionist organization called

American Anti-Slavery Society

What was the Great Debate?

An 8 month long debate over the Federal power over the issues of slavery and states rights.

Who was Frederick Douglass?

An Abolitionist who wrote an autobiography of his life, established his own newspaper, and was an influential lecturer for the Anti-slavery society

Who was William Still?

Another major conductor known as the "Father of the Underground Railroad" He helped up to 60 people a month

What was the name of Angelina Grimke's book?

Appeal to Christian Women of the South

During the election of 1848 what was the name given to the small anti-slavery faction from New York?

Barnburners

Why did people agree with the gradualist principle?

Because it allowed for flexibility

Why was slavery called the Peculiar Institution?

Because it was specific to the Southern states and Southern society was completely shaped around it.

What is Popular Sovereignty and who came up with it?

Began by Lewis Cass, it was the idea that each territory upon applying for statehood chose whether to be a free state or slave state.

Who was Martin Delany?

Believed that the white ruling class in America would never allow blacks to receive full civil equality.

Who was the first president of first abolitionist society?

Benjamin Franklin

Who founded the first antislavery newspaper in America?

Benjamin Lundy

What movement did Martin Delany start?

Black Nationalist Movement

Post Mexican-American War what three states wanted to be annexed (brought into) the union as states?

California, New Mexico and Utah

What was the point of the pamphlet the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World?

Called for the end of slavery by any means necessary

Across the North race riots broke out, Where was the most notable riot?

Cincinnati, Ohio

American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses

Collection of stories of former slaves against slavery

What did the Enlightenment thinkers believe?

Condemned slavery through natural rights and property rights. (A man owns himself, no one else)

Who gave the "Seventh of March" Speech?

Daniel Webster

The idea of full Emancipation thought was first pushed by _____ _____ in his pamphlet named

David Walker; Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

The first copy of _____ __ _______ included the idea of liberty for all men but was taken out as a political move.

Declaration of Independence

Who ran in the Election of 1852?

Democrat candidate Franklin Pierce and Whig Candidate Winfield Scott

Who ran in the Election of 1848?

Democrats- Lewis Cass and Whig Party- Zachery Taylor (Old Rough and Ready)

The first major article/pamphlet advocated abolition through____ (immediate freedom)

Emancipation

During the early 1800s ______ ______ developed in the North and South to discuss how best to end slavery (most thought that slaves should be purchased by citizens or the Federal government and then set free)

Emancipation Societies

Another major influence on the Founding Fathers & early Abolitionists were the ___________ thinkers.

Enlightenment

Why did workers and laborers in the North oppose abolitionism?

Fear of competing with free blacks for jobs (most notable Irish)

Who won the Election of 1852?

Franklin Pierce (Democrat)

What 4 third parties ran in the Election of 1852?

Free Soil, Liberty Party, Union Party, Southern Rights Party

Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm founded the first owned and operated black newspaper in America named

Freedom's Journal

What was the name of the act that required all runaway slaves returned to the south and any US citizens could be required to aid in their capture?

Fugitive Slave Act

Southern Congressmen had ____ _____ (not allowing for debate) passed on the topic of slavery, not only in the state legislatures but also in both Houses of Congress

Gag Rules

What 3 different ways of abolitionist movements developed to end slavery?

Gradualism, Emancipation and Resettlement

Who was the most notable "conductor" of the Underground Railroad who helped more than 100 slaves escape slavery?

Harriet Tubman "Black Moses"

Who were the major people involved in the Great Debate?

Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster

The African Colonization Society was founded in 1816 by ______, _______, and _______.

Henry Clay, John Randolph, Richard Lee

What was the importance of the La Amistad trial?

It put the question to national debate and also gave light that the Federal Government through law or rulings could determine the fate of slavery in America. Not each state.

Who was Sengbe Pieh?

Led the revolt of slaves on the ship Las Amistad

The idea to use the US Constitution & the Federal government through political action was started by

Lewis Tappan & James Birney

Garrison founded his own newspaper named the _______

Liberator

Female founding member of the American anti-slavery society and advocated a complete boycott of southern goods made or produced by slave labor

Lucretia Mott

Wrote An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, (she also advocated Indian rights)

Lydia Maria Child

During the Revolutionary War some slaves who fought were given ________ (released from slavery) by the Confederation Congress or their owners

Manumission

Northern anti-slavery leader who promoted the idea of complete racial equality and was the editor of the Liberty Bell newspaper

Maria Weston Chapman

After the American Revolution into the 1800s the nation started to divide across the _____ ______ line

Mason Dixon

Who were the first to call for an end of slavery in their townships and villages?

Mennonites and Quakers

What was the name of the capital of Liberia?

Monrovia

What was the name of Frederick Douglass's autobiography?

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

During the election of 1848, what 2 factions did the Whigs split into and what did they believe?

Northern Conscious Whigs- Anti-slavery Northern Cotton Whigs- Pro-slavery

Who was Elijah P. Lovejoy?

Northern abolitionist who was killed and his newspaper destroyed

The Mexican War led to the split along the ________ and ________ lines

Northern and Southern

The A.O.C. also had set a precedent by disallowing slavery in the ______ _______ but left the option if it became a state.

Northwest Ordinance

This mixed race black man used his wealth as a shipper to take freed men to Sierra Leone, starting the resettlement movement

Paul Cuffee

Where was the first Abolitionist society?

Pennsylvania

What was Anti-Tom Literature?

Plantation Literature written by Southerners to disprove Uncle Tom's Cabin

What is miscegenation?

Race Mixing

William Lloyd Garrison lead the growth of

Radical Abolitionism

The last way to end slavery was through the _______ _______, where purchased slaves or free blacks were sent to Canada, South America or mostly Africa

Resettlement system

Due to anti-slavery sentiment and fear of losing a balance of slave to free states, Southern senators began talks of _____ (separating from the union)

Secession

What is Racism?

Sense of hatred or superiority about another race

What was the first Abolitionist Society?

Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage

What were the founding fathers stance regarding slavery?

Some wanted abolition, some wanted it needed to end but slowly over time, others didn't want it to end at all.

Who was George Fitzhugh and what was his book Cannibals All about?

Southern pro-slavery writer; stated that slaves in the south were better off in slavery than as "wage slaves" in the Northern factories.

Who were Angelina & Sarah Grimke?

Southern women abolition advocates

What were Calhoun's 4 views at the Great Debate?

States rights 1. Give South equal rights in territories 2. Stop Antislavery attacks 3. Return fugitive slaves 4. Constitutional amendment for a dual north and south presidency

How did the Compromise come to be?

Taylor was going to veto it but died and Millard Fillmore became President and upheld it.

The Mexican War led to the Union of the Nation from

The Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

What answered the major issue of slavery among other issues?

The Civil War

The first antislavery newspaper in America was

The Genius of Universal Emancipation

What was the name of Frederick Douglass's newspaper?

The North Star

How was the division across the Mason Dixon line started?

The Northern states through laws/court rulings; The Southern sates further expanding the institution

What 4 factors led to the furthering of Abolition of slavery in the 1800's?

The invention of the cotton gin, Second Great Awakening, Industrial Revolution and Expansionism.

Why did some Northerners oppose the abolishment of slavery?

They thought it would destroy social order and tear the nation apart starting a Civil War

The first major article/pamphlet advocation abolition through emancipation was

Thomas Paine's "African Slavery in America"

Why did the ACS buy the small strip of land in Liberia?

To resettle free black families in Africa. (only 2500 black people agreed to resettle in Africa)

In the South some slave owners, non-slave owners and even slaves did not like the system but didn't want it to end

True

Most people in the North including Abolitionists were either prejudice, miscegenation, or racist

True

The Bible was used by many in the South to justify and condemn the institution of slavery.

True

In response to the Fugitive Act what book did Harriet Beecher Stowe write?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

What is prejudice?

Unfavorable pre-thought about a person

The African Colonization Society ACS purchased a small strip of land on the _______ Coast of _______, named ________.

West; Africa; Liberia

What was one big point of opposition to abolition?

While some agreed to Abolition, they did not agree with full equality.

Who were the 2 main Anti Tom literature writers?

William Gilmore Simms and Caroline Lee Hentz

Lundy's assistant _____ ______ ______ was much more vocal and aggressive about the abolition movement

William Lloyd Garrison

What were the 3 issues that divided the abolition movement?

Women's involvement, race and tactics

Who won the Election of 1848? due to his vague stance on slavery, his military victories and the split of Democrats over the issue of slavery?

Zachery Taylor

What was the Underground Railroad?

a loose connection of people and safe houses through the south to the north to aid escaping slaves into the North, Canada, or Mexico

What was the Liberty Party?

a third party that advocated the end of slavery

What was An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans

called for immediate emancipation without compensation to slave owners

What literature did Martin Delany write?

paper-the Mystery; book- The Condition of the Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered

Most of the decisions by the Founding Fathers were _____ & _______ rather than ______, due to the need to unite the states into a nation and make it economically stable

political, economic, moral

Abolitionism and Womens rights movement worked closely together, but as it became more of a ______ issue and debate rather than a ______ issue, women were excluded from the movement

political, moral

Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?

sent on a diplomatic mission and opened Japan to American Trade

What was the Seventh of March speech?

stated to keep the nation out of civil war, Senators needed to vote in favor of the Compromise because they were Americans first.

Abolitionist material was ________ (censored) in the South through the US mail to keep it from spreading any Anti-slavery sentiment

suppressed

At the Constitutional Convention the issue of slavery was ______, but they agreed to stop importation of slaves in ___ years.

tabled, 20 years

What is emancipation?

the immediate freeing of slaves

Why did Gradualism have to be slow?

to keep slave owners from losing money and economic turmoil

What is Gradualism?

to slowly end slavery over time or let die out naturally

Isabella Baumfree (Sojourner Truth)

traveled around the North giving speeches against slavery. (Her whip scars on her body were the most convincing part of her story)

What was the Liberty Party?

wanted the end of slavery, their candidate was Gerrit Smith

Also during the entirety of slavery, some owners manumitted their slaves usually upon death through their______.

wills

Who was Harrison Berry and what was the book Slavery and Abolitionism about?

A Georgia slave, praised the system of slavery by stating that southern slaves were better off in America than Africa or in Northern factories. (Many slaves had this same view)

What were the 6 main points of the Compromise of 1850?

1. California admitted as a free state 2. Popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah 3. US assume Texan debt to relinquish claim on New Mexico 4. Slave Trade not slavery abolished in Washington DC 5. Passage of a stricter fugitive slave law 6. Congress has not power to regulate interstate slave trade