Chapter 12
What was the Free-Soil Party?
A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery, their candidate was former president Martin Van Buren
What was the Alabama Platform?
A proposition made by William L. Yancy (of Alabama) to secure the Institution of slavery. It was rejected.
What were the Las Amistad trials?
A ship in which a group of slaves revolted and were captured off the coast of America. Which led to the question if they were free, slave or criminals.
The _______ _______ (end of slavery) began in northern colonies due to religious and moral conflicts with the idea of owning another person.
Abolition Movement
The Mexican American War made __________ fear that _______ would spread into more states, giving the Southern states ____ representation in the Senate and House
Abolitionists; Slavery; more
The La Amistad trial resulted in their freedom and they were returned to
Africa
Garrison also founded a national abolitionist organization called
American Anti-Slavery Society
What was the Great Debate?
An 8 month long debate over the Federal power over the issues of slavery and states rights.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An Abolitionist who wrote an autobiography of his life, established his own newspaper, and was an influential lecturer for the Anti-slavery society
Who was William Still?
Another major conductor known as the "Father of the Underground Railroad" He helped up to 60 people a month
What was the name of Angelina Grimke's book?
Appeal to Christian Women of the South
During the election of 1848 what was the name given to the small anti-slavery faction from New York?
Barnburners
Why did people agree with the gradualist principle?
Because it allowed for flexibility
Why was slavery called the Peculiar Institution?
Because it was specific to the Southern states and Southern society was completely shaped around it.
What is Popular Sovereignty and who came up with it?
Began by Lewis Cass, it was the idea that each territory upon applying for statehood chose whether to be a free state or slave state.
Who was Martin Delany?
Believed that the white ruling class in America would never allow blacks to receive full civil equality.
Who was the first president of first abolitionist society?
Benjamin Franklin
Who founded the first antislavery newspaper in America?
Benjamin Lundy
What movement did Martin Delany start?
Black Nationalist Movement
Post Mexican-American War what three states wanted to be annexed (brought into) the union as states?
California, New Mexico and Utah
What was the point of the pamphlet the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World?
Called for the end of slavery by any means necessary
Across the North race riots broke out, Where was the most notable riot?
Cincinnati, Ohio
American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
Collection of stories of former slaves against slavery
What did the Enlightenment thinkers believe?
Condemned slavery through natural rights and property rights. (A man owns himself, no one else)
Who gave the "Seventh of March" Speech?
Daniel Webster
The idea of full Emancipation thought was first pushed by _____ _____ in his pamphlet named
David Walker; Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
The first copy of _____ __ _______ included the idea of liberty for all men but was taken out as a political move.
Declaration of Independence
Who ran in the Election of 1852?
Democrat candidate Franklin Pierce and Whig Candidate Winfield Scott
Who ran in the Election of 1848?
Democrats- Lewis Cass and Whig Party- Zachery Taylor (Old Rough and Ready)
The first major article/pamphlet advocated abolition through____ (immediate freedom)
Emancipation
During the early 1800s ______ ______ developed in the North and South to discuss how best to end slavery (most thought that slaves should be purchased by citizens or the Federal government and then set free)
Emancipation Societies
Another major influence on the Founding Fathers & early Abolitionists were the ___________ thinkers.
Enlightenment
Why did workers and laborers in the North oppose abolitionism?
Fear of competing with free blacks for jobs (most notable Irish)
Who won the Election of 1852?
Franklin Pierce (Democrat)
What 4 third parties ran in the Election of 1852?
Free Soil, Liberty Party, Union Party, Southern Rights Party
Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm founded the first owned and operated black newspaper in America named
Freedom's Journal
What was the name of the act that required all runaway slaves returned to the south and any US citizens could be required to aid in their capture?
Fugitive Slave Act
Southern Congressmen had ____ _____ (not allowing for debate) passed on the topic of slavery, not only in the state legislatures but also in both Houses of Congress
Gag Rules
What 3 different ways of abolitionist movements developed to end slavery?
Gradualism, Emancipation and Resettlement
Who was the most notable "conductor" of the Underground Railroad who helped more than 100 slaves escape slavery?
Harriet Tubman "Black Moses"
Who were the major people involved in the Great Debate?
Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster
The African Colonization Society was founded in 1816 by ______, _______, and _______.
Henry Clay, John Randolph, Richard Lee
What was the importance of the La Amistad trial?
It put the question to national debate and also gave light that the Federal Government through law or rulings could determine the fate of slavery in America. Not each state.
Who was Sengbe Pieh?
Led the revolt of slaves on the ship Las Amistad
The idea to use the US Constitution & the Federal government through political action was started by
Lewis Tappan & James Birney
Garrison founded his own newspaper named the _______
Liberator
Female founding member of the American anti-slavery society and advocated a complete boycott of southern goods made or produced by slave labor
Lucretia Mott
Wrote An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, (she also advocated Indian rights)
Lydia Maria Child
During the Revolutionary War some slaves who fought were given ________ (released from slavery) by the Confederation Congress or their owners
Manumission
Northern anti-slavery leader who promoted the idea of complete racial equality and was the editor of the Liberty Bell newspaper
Maria Weston Chapman
After the American Revolution into the 1800s the nation started to divide across the _____ ______ line
Mason Dixon
Who were the first to call for an end of slavery in their townships and villages?
Mennonites and Quakers
What was the name of the capital of Liberia?
Monrovia
What was the name of Frederick Douglass's autobiography?
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
During the election of 1848, what 2 factions did the Whigs split into and what did they believe?
Northern Conscious Whigs- Anti-slavery Northern Cotton Whigs- Pro-slavery
Who was Elijah P. Lovejoy?
Northern abolitionist who was killed and his newspaper destroyed
The Mexican War led to the split along the ________ and ________ lines
Northern and Southern
The A.O.C. also had set a precedent by disallowing slavery in the ______ _______ but left the option if it became a state.
Northwest Ordinance
This mixed race black man used his wealth as a shipper to take freed men to Sierra Leone, starting the resettlement movement
Paul Cuffee
Where was the first Abolitionist society?
Pennsylvania
What was Anti-Tom Literature?
Plantation Literature written by Southerners to disprove Uncle Tom's Cabin
What is miscegenation?
Race Mixing
William Lloyd Garrison lead the growth of
Radical Abolitionism
The last way to end slavery was through the _______ _______, where purchased slaves or free blacks were sent to Canada, South America or mostly Africa
Resettlement system
Due to anti-slavery sentiment and fear of losing a balance of slave to free states, Southern senators began talks of _____ (separating from the union)
Secession
What is Racism?
Sense of hatred or superiority about another race
What was the first Abolitionist Society?
Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage
What were the founding fathers stance regarding slavery?
Some wanted abolition, some wanted it needed to end but slowly over time, others didn't want it to end at all.
Who was George Fitzhugh and what was his book Cannibals All about?
Southern pro-slavery writer; stated that slaves in the south were better off in slavery than as "wage slaves" in the Northern factories.
Who were Angelina & Sarah Grimke?
Southern women abolition advocates
What were Calhoun's 4 views at the Great Debate?
States rights 1. Give South equal rights in territories 2. Stop Antislavery attacks 3. Return fugitive slaves 4. Constitutional amendment for a dual north and south presidency
How did the Compromise come to be?
Taylor was going to veto it but died and Millard Fillmore became President and upheld it.
The Mexican War led to the Union of the Nation from
The Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
What answered the major issue of slavery among other issues?
The Civil War
The first antislavery newspaper in America was
The Genius of Universal Emancipation
What was the name of Frederick Douglass's newspaper?
The North Star
How was the division across the Mason Dixon line started?
The Northern states through laws/court rulings; The Southern sates further expanding the institution
What 4 factors led to the furthering of Abolition of slavery in the 1800's?
The invention of the cotton gin, Second Great Awakening, Industrial Revolution and Expansionism.
Why did some Northerners oppose the abolishment of slavery?
They thought it would destroy social order and tear the nation apart starting a Civil War
The first major article/pamphlet advocation abolition through emancipation was
Thomas Paine's "African Slavery in America"
Why did the ACS buy the small strip of land in Liberia?
To resettle free black families in Africa. (only 2500 black people agreed to resettle in Africa)
In the South some slave owners, non-slave owners and even slaves did not like the system but didn't want it to end
True
Most people in the North including Abolitionists were either prejudice, miscegenation, or racist
True
The Bible was used by many in the South to justify and condemn the institution of slavery.
True
In response to the Fugitive Act what book did Harriet Beecher Stowe write?
Uncle Tom's Cabin
What is prejudice?
Unfavorable pre-thought about a person
The African Colonization Society ACS purchased a small strip of land on the _______ Coast of _______, named ________.
West; Africa; Liberia
What was one big point of opposition to abolition?
While some agreed to Abolition, they did not agree with full equality.
Who were the 2 main Anti Tom literature writers?
William Gilmore Simms and Caroline Lee Hentz
Lundy's assistant _____ ______ ______ was much more vocal and aggressive about the abolition movement
William Lloyd Garrison
What were the 3 issues that divided the abolition movement?
Women's involvement, race and tactics
Who won the Election of 1848? due to his vague stance on slavery, his military victories and the split of Democrats over the issue of slavery?
Zachery Taylor
What was the Underground Railroad?
a loose connection of people and safe houses through the south to the north to aid escaping slaves into the North, Canada, or Mexico
What was the Liberty Party?
a third party that advocated the end of slavery
What was An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans
called for immediate emancipation without compensation to slave owners
What literature did Martin Delany write?
paper-the Mystery; book- The Condition of the Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, Politically Considered
Most of the decisions by the Founding Fathers were _____ & _______ rather than ______, due to the need to unite the states into a nation and make it economically stable
political, economic, moral
Abolitionism and Womens rights movement worked closely together, but as it became more of a ______ issue and debate rather than a ______ issue, women were excluded from the movement
political, moral
Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
sent on a diplomatic mission and opened Japan to American Trade
What was the Seventh of March speech?
stated to keep the nation out of civil war, Senators needed to vote in favor of the Compromise because they were Americans first.
Abolitionist material was ________ (censored) in the South through the US mail to keep it from spreading any Anti-slavery sentiment
suppressed
At the Constitutional Convention the issue of slavery was ______, but they agreed to stop importation of slaves in ___ years.
tabled, 20 years
What is emancipation?
the immediate freeing of slaves
Why did Gradualism have to be slow?
to keep slave owners from losing money and economic turmoil
What is Gradualism?
to slowly end slavery over time or let die out naturally
Isabella Baumfree (Sojourner Truth)
traveled around the North giving speeches against slavery. (Her whip scars on her body were the most convincing part of her story)
What was the Liberty Party?
wanted the end of slavery, their candidate was Gerrit Smith
Also during the entirety of slavery, some owners manumitted their slaves usually upon death through their______.
wills
Who was Harrison Berry and what was the book Slavery and Abolitionism about?
A Georgia slave, praised the system of slavery by stating that southern slaves were better off in America than Africa or in Northern factories. (Many slaves had this same view)
What were the 6 main points of the Compromise of 1850?
1. California admitted as a free state 2. Popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah 3. US assume Texan debt to relinquish claim on New Mexico 4. Slave Trade not slavery abolished in Washington DC 5. Passage of a stricter fugitive slave law 6. Congress has not power to regulate interstate slave trade
