Chapter 12
What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
Achievable Challenging Specific
After you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness?
Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals.
According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?
Competence, autonomy and relatedness
After tasks on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.
After breaking your long-term goal into several short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals.
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
Effort to performance Performance to outcomes
The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?
Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized.
The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?
Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
Equity theory Expectancy theory Goal-setting theory
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?
Expectancy
True or false: Money is the best motivator.
False NOTE: Although money is a motivating factor, praise and other non-monetary rewards can be even more motivating.
There is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people.
False NOTE: There is no single theory of motivation that is accepted by everyone. Rather, there are multiple perspectives on what motivates people. Four primary perspectives are presented in the text.
What is the MODERN way of designing jobs?
Fitting jobs to people
What is the modern way of designing jobs?
Fitting jobs to people
Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement?
Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.
What is the first step in developing career readiness?
Identify your most important long-term goal.
Why is creating a time schedule important when it comes to developing a career management plan?
It enables you to monitor your progress. It helps you organize your schedule.
Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?
Job characteristics model
Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?
Justice Fairness
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What statements about motivation are true?
Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.
How does McClelland view needs?
Needs are something that we learn from our culture.
Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological Safety Esteem Love
After the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.
Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?
Process perspectives
What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?
Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Raise employee productivity Increase employee efficiency
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?
Reinforcement theory
What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?
They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They link rewards to performance.
What are three types of learning opportunities?
Tuition reimbursement Learning and development Studying co-workers
What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?
Work outcomes Core job characteristics Psychological states
After creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments.
Why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals?
You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.
Your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the ______.
daily tasks you need to complete
Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______.
design
When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.
give rewards as soon as possible
The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.
human capital
Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.
management
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.
needs
When prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should ______.
order them from low importance to high importance
Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.
reinforcement
Which are principal perspectives on motivation?
reinforcement job design process content
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.
self-determination
One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______.
working at a job they found meaningful
Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior?
Extinction Punishment
Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?
Goal-setting theory
Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?
Herzberg's two-factor theory
What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?
Job enrichment Job enlargement
What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.
McClelland's acquired needs theory
What characteristics should your long-term goal have?
Measurable Attainable Results-oriented
A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?
Two-factor theory
To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.
measurable
The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.
modification
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.
motivation
When working on your plan, it is important to ______.
remain flexible
Which of these represent levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
safety self-actualization physiological esteem love