Chapter 12 and 13 Quiz

T/F: A dermatome represents the motor innervation of muscles in that area.

False Dermatomes represent sensory innervations of the underlying skin.

T/F: Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

True

A doctor asks her patient to follow the motion of her finger as she moves it up and down, left and right. Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT being tested? a. the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) b. the trochlear nerve (IV) c. the oculomotor nerve (III) d. the abducens (VI)

a

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the _____________ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease. a. substantia nigra b. red nucleus c. internal capsule d. reticular formation

a

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the: a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. cerebrum d. midbrain

a

What CNS-associated structure is surrounded by ependymal cells and circulates CSF? a. choroid plexus b. arachnoid villus c. hypothalamus d. cerebral aqueduct

a

Which of the following statements about the cerebellum is NOT correct? a. The cerebellum generates conscious motor commands b. The cerebellum has a cortex and homunculus, just like the motor cortex c. The cerebellum plays a role maintaining your balance d. Damage to the cerebellum could affect your posture.

a The cerebellum does not operate at the conscious level of processing

Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component? a. superior colliculus b. pineal gland c. thalamus d. hypothalamus

a the superior colliculus is at the inferior border of the diencephalon, located in the midbrain region of the brain stem

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a: a. plantar reflex b. Golgi tendon reflex c. crossed-extensor reflex d. flexor reflex

b

A tendon reflex causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to (blank) tendon tension as detected by the (blank). a. decreased, Golgi organ b. increased, Golgi organ c. increased, intrafusal fiber d. decreased, intrafusal fiber

b

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the: a. medulla b. pons c. midbrain d. cerebrum

b

Spinocerebellar tracts: a. are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord b. carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum c. terminate in the spinal cord d. give rise to conscious experience of perception

b

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the: a. thalamus b. reticular formation c. limbic system d. pyramids

b

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the: a. nuclei b. pyramids c. olives d. lateral horns

b

Which of the following is NOT role of the basal nuclei? a. playing a role in cognition and emotion b. initiating protective reflex actions c. controlling starting and stopping movements d. inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

b

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc? a. receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector b. receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector c. effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor d. effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor

b

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brains stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate balance, posture, and somatic movement problems? a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. diencephalon d. pons

b By processing and interpreting impulses from the motor cortex and brain stem nuclei, as well as sensory pathways, the cerebellum provides the precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction for the smooth, coordinated movements and agility needed for daily living (e.g., driving, typing, and tying our shoes). It also plays a poorly understood role in cognition. Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously (we are not aware of it).

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity? a. brain stem b. cerebral cortex c. cerebellum d. diencephalon

b the cerebral cortex is the "executive suite" of the nervous system, where most of our higher-level decision making occurs. It enables us to be aware of ourselves and our sensation, communicate, remember, understand, and initiate voluntary movements.

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by: a. dendrites b. Golgi organs c. Schwann cells d. Wallerian cells

c

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are: a. autonomic only b. rapid, predictable, and can be learned responses c. involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior d. always mediated by the brain

c

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are: a. supplementary and cerebellar-pontine b. segmental and nigrostriatal c. pyramidal and corticospinal d. extrapyramidal and rubrospinal

c

Classify a fiber tract that communicates between the left prefrontal lobe and the left parietal lobe. a. commissural fibers b. projection c. association

c association fibers communicate between gyri in the same cerebral hemisphere

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the spinal cord? a. Just like the cerebrum, the gray matter is found on the superficial surfaces. b. The white matter contains cell bodies for spinal nuclei c. Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function. d. Damage to sensory tracts in the spinal cord leads to paralysis.

c The ventral roots carry motor commands out of the spinal cord. The dorsal roots carry sensory information into the spinal cord. The spinal nerves represent a fusion of these two elements.

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the cerebrum to lower centers, like the spinal cord? a. corpus callosum b. commissures c. projection fibers d. association fibers

c projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a. regulate emotional responses b. regulate body temperature c. regulate the thalamus d. regulate food intake

c the hypothalamus does not regulate the thalamus

Which of the meninges is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution? a. periosteal layer of the dura mater b. meningeal layer of the dura mater c. pia mater d. arachnoid mater

c the pia mater, meaning "gentle mother" is composed of delicate connective tissue and is richly invested with tiny blood vessels. It is the only meninx that clings tightly to the brain, like cellophane wrap, following its every convolution.

Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the: a. spinal cord b. medulla c. somatosensory cortex d. thalamus

d

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the: a. internal capsule b. corona radiata c. longitudinal fissure d. corpus callosum

d

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

d

Choose the FALSE statement about nerves. a. Nerves can carry only sensory information, only motor information, or a mixture of sensory and motor information. b. Nerve axons are surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the endoneurium. c. Nerves consist of parallel bundles of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons. d. Axons make up a majority of the matter in a nerve.

d Axons constitute a small fraction of a nerve's bulk. The balance consists chiefly of myelin, the protective connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

Which reflex is triggered when a stranger suddenly grasps your arm? a. plantar reflex b. stretch reflex c. tendon reflex d. crossed-extensor reflex

d The grasped arm is withdrawn (via the flexor reflex) as the opposite arm pushes you away from the attacker (via crossed-extensor reflex). As in this scenario, the crossed-extensor reflex often accompanies the flexor reflex.

The neural fibers connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex can be described by which of the following? a. first-order sensory neurons b. lower motor neurons c. upper motor neurons d. third-order sensory neurons

d Third-order sensory neurons relay ascending information from the thalamus to specific sensory areas of the cortex.

What is the type of reflex represented by the pathway that includes a sensory neuron from a stretched muscle, interneuron, and motor neuron to the antagonist muscle? a. stretch reflex b. flexor reflex c. cross-extension reflex d. reciprocal inhibition

d When a muscle is contracted, its antagonist ("reciprocal") is reflexively relaxed.

Which part of the CNS sorts almost all of the ascending sensory information? a. mesencephalon b. pons c. hypothalamus d. thalamus

d afferent impulses from all senses and all parts of the body converge on the thalamus and synapse with at least one of its nuclei. The thalamus- which sorts out and edits these afferent signals before relaying them to the appropriate cortical areas- is considered the gateway to the cerebral cortex. In summary, the thalamus plays a key role in mediating sensation, motor activities, and cortical arousal, learning, and memory.

Which of the following cranial nerves only carries motor information? a. olfactory b. optic c. trigeminal d. abducens

d the abducens carries efferent (motor) signals to the extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eye (turns it laterally)

Which of the following carries no sensory information? a. vestibulocochlear nerve b. optic nerve c. trigeminal nerve d. hypoglossal nerve

d the hypoglossal nerve carries motor commands to the tongue.

The phrenic nerve is a branch from the: a. brachial plexus b. thoracic spinal cord c. vagus nerve d. cervical plexus

d the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical plexus, supplies both motor and sensory fibers to the diaphragm, the main breathing muscle.

Which of the following regions of the brain stem serves as a bridge between the brain stem and the cerebellum? a. medulla oblongata b. thalamus c. midbrain d. pons

d the pons is the point at which all information entering or exiting the cerebellum is collected. Descending motor input and ascending sensory input that feed the cerebellum and all cerebellar output enter or exit the cerebellum through several cerebellar peduncles located in the pons.

Which cranial nerve transmits information about audition? a. vagus b. optic c. abducens d. vestibulocochlear

d the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits afferent impulses for the sense of equilibrium. The cochlear branch transmits afferent impulses for the sense of hearing.

Monosynaptic reflex arc

includes a synapse between sensory and motor neurons without the involvement of an interneuron.