Chapter 12

2. The t-test for dependent means is used when you have

One group

1. If you want to examine one group of subjects under two different conditions, which statistical technique should you select?

b. dependent-samples t-test

How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples?

two

In order to be 99% confident you have not committed a Type I error, at what level should you set your p value?

0.1

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 114 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be

113

If your degrees of freedom is 24, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be:

25

In the following, what are the degrees of freedom: t(29) = 2.001, p < .05?

29

How many subjects were examined based on the following: t(29) = 2.001, p < .05?

30

. If the group has 30 individuals, what are the degrees of freedom for a dependent-samples t-test?

30-1

. If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 54 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be

53

In the following, what are the degrees of freedom: t(58) = 5.015, p < .01?

58

In running a dependent-sample t-test, how many subjects were there in the group based on the following: t(58) = 5.015, p <

59

In running a t-test for dependent means on a group of individuals, how many individuals are there in the group when the degree of freedom is 58?

59

According to the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, how many individuals were there in the group?

79

. If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 96 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be

95

If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _

99

. If the critical value is greater than the obtained value, what should you do?

Accept the null hypothesis

11. In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, the test statistic must be compared against the

Critical value

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the _

Critical value

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does 78 represent?

Degree of freedom

9. In order to compute the test statistic or t value, you must first approximate the sample size by calculating the __

Degrees of freedom

. If you are interested in studying the same group under two conditions, what test should you use?

Dependent samples t-test

Early education researchers can match two classrooms from different school districts and analyze their hypothesis with a dependent-samples t-test, even if they are not careful about the characteristics of each classroom.

False

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the obtained value.

False

The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for doubled samples.

False

Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test?

Hypothesized mean difference

describes the average score for each variable in a dependent-samples t-test.

Mean

14. What is the formula used to calculate degrees of freedom for a t-test for dependent groups?

N-1

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate degrees of freedom for a dependent-samples t-test?

N-1

When calculating a dependent-samples t-test, the order in which you input the posttest score and pretest score can change the t value. If you input the pretest first, the obtained value will be _______.

Negative

10. The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the

Obtain value

17. If you are hypothesizing that posttest scores will be higher than pretest scores, you should use __

One tail test

What is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables?

Pearson correlation

If the critical value is less than the obtained value, what should you do?

Reject the null hypothesis

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t(26) = 3.13, p < .05. You determine that you should

Reject the null hypothesis

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t(38) = 4.15, p < .05. You determine that you should

Reject the null hypothesis

What is another name for a dependent-samples t-test?

Repeat measures

What is the numerator of the t-test in the dependent-means formula?

SD

53. In the following, what is the number of 5.5015: t(58) = 5.015, p < .01?

T value

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does t represent?

Test statistics

In the following, what is the meaning of t: t(58) = 5.015, p < .01?

Test statistics

When using a t-test for dependent means, what is true of the sample?

They are in the same group

If the obtained value in a dependent-samples t-test exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis cannot be accepted.

True

In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the critical value.

True

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, the number of .01 refers to significance level.

True

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, the number of 78 refers to degrees of freedom.

True

The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for correlated samples.

True

The t-test for dependent means is used in order to determine whether there is a significant difference in the scores of a group of respondents who are tested at two points in time.

True

When a researcher matches participants from different counseling graduate programs on variables such as age, gender, and a measure of multicultural understanding, the researcher can use a dependent-samples t-test in the study.

True

3. The t-test for dependent means is used when your sample is tested _______

Two times

4. In the formula that computes a t value, what does ΣD represent?

a. sum of the differences between groups of scores

If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do?

accept the null hypothesis

. If you want to examine the same group of individuals in two different times, which statistical technique should you select?

dependent-samples t-test

Dr. Moo would like to find out if participants who ate glazed donuts became happier after they ate jelly-filled donuts. What test should you use to determine this?

dependent-samples t-test

Dr. Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between her patients' anxiety scores before and after they completed a yoga program. What is the appropriate test to run?

dependent-samples t-test

Which of the following represents degrees of freedom?

df

7. In a t-test for dependent samples that examines the difference between a pretest and posttest, what type of hypothesis is used?

directional

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t(32) = 1.13, p > .05. You determine that you should

fail to reject the null hypothesis

You run a t-test and find that your results indicate that t(38) = 1.13, p > .05. You determine that you should

fail to reject the null hypothesis

describes what you may have indicated to be the difference you expect back in a dependent-samples t-test.

hypothesized mean difference

Dr. Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between male and female patients' anxiety scores. What is the appropriate test to run?

independent-samples t-test

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does p < .01 represent?

level of significance

. Based on the formula for the t-test for dependent means, what does the n represent?

number of pairs of observations

In the equation t(78) = 1.03, p < .01, what does 1.03 represent?

obtained value

The statistical procedure is used to generate the test statistic. What is test statistic known as?

obtained value

To determine if you should accept a null hypothesis, you should compare the ______ value and the ______ value

obtained; critical

To determine if you should reject a null hypothesis, you should compare the _______ value and the _______ value.

obtained; critical

. If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?

reject the null hypothesis

In the following, what is the number of .01: t(58) = 5.015, p < .01?

significance level