Chapter 12 Child Development

Children who are not capable of decentration have difficulty ________.

focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them to one another

U.S. legislation mandates that schools place children who require special supports for learning in ________.

the "least restrictive" environments that meet their educational needs

Which of these statements uses the passive voice?

"The paint was spilled"

Which statement about the use of screen media is true?

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in writing computer programs and creating Web pages.

Which statement about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) find it hard to ignore irrelevant information.

Which statement about traditional versus constructivist classrooms is true?

Constructivist classrooms are associated with gains in critical thinking and more positive attitudes toward school.

Cross-cultural research shows that ________.

East Asian children, influenced by interdependent values, typically view striving to achieve as a moral obligation

Which statement about influences on executive function is true?

In both typically and atypically developing children, heredity combines with environmental factors to influence executive function.

Which statement is supported by research on computers and academic learning?

Interactive screen media use is associated with academic progress.

Which statement about IQ is true?

It predicts school performance and educational attainment.

Which statement about bilingual education is true?

Its goal is to transition minority students to English-only instruction as soon as possible.

Which statement about integration in U.S. schools is true?

Since 2000, the racial-ethnic divide in U.S. education has intensified.

Which statement about magnet schools is true?

They promote voluntary integration by offering families school choices that draw students from across neighborhood boundaries.

Elena moved to the United States from Guatemala when she was 6 years old. She speaks Spanish fluently but has limited ability to understand English. Research shows that if her school curriculum integrates both Spanish and English, she will ________.

acquire English more easily

Which of these is a second-order belief?

believing that one's sister believes that a cereal box is full

According to Sternberg, traditional intelligence tests ________. Correct!

do not capture intellectual strengths acquired through informal learning experiences

When studying for a test, Peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, "The canine is talking on a cellular phone." Which memory strategy is Peter using?

elaboration

Neo-Piagetian theorists such as Robbie Case propose that the development of operational thinking can best be understood ________.

in terms of expansion of information-processing capacity

One way researchers test the ability to flexibly shift attention is to ________.

introduce irrelevant stimuli into a task to see how well children attend to the task's central elements

The nonverbal mode of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, ________.

is useful when assessing individuals with limited English language skills

In Enrique's fourth-grade class, the teacher asks the children to attend to their own breathing or to manipulate an object held behind their backs while noticing how it feels. Enrique's teacher is using ________ training to enhance children's ________.

mindfulness; executive function

Children of bilingual parents who teach them both languages in infancy and early childhood ________.

separate the language systems early and attain language milestones according to a typical timetable

Children who become fluent in two languages ________.

tend to have especially efficient executive function skills

On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V), which factor emphasizes culture-dependent information?

verbal comprehension

Children who enter school low in phonological awareness ________.

who do not receive phonics training are substantially behind their agemates in text comprehension by third grade