chapter 12

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) end with the suffix

-artan.

Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can decrease fasting triglyceride concentrations by

20% to 50%.

Which of the following is the first choice of therapy for most patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels?

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor

The percentage of Americans diagnosed with hypertension is which percentage according to the new recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA)?

46%

Approximately _____% of people with hypertension are properly treated

50

How long should a person who has had a myocardial infarction wait before receiving dental care?

6m

To prevent tolerance, prophylactic nitrates should be given with at least a(n

8- to 12-hour "vacation" every day.

Which b-adrenergic blocking agent has partial agonist activity and causes some â-stimulation while blocking catecholamine action?

Acebutolol

Nitroglycerine (NTG) is used for what cardiovascular disease?

Angina pectoris

Which is the treatment of choice for the treatment of heart failure (HF)?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

NSAIDs can antagonize the effects of which of the following antihypertensive medications?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)

Which class of agents is of special benefit to a diabetic with nephropathy?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)

_____ should not be given to persons taking potassium supplements because hyperkalemia will occur.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)

A patient has a cardiovascular disorder for which a physician prescribes a local anesthetic drug. What might this cardiovascular disorder be?

Arrhythmia

Which of the following agents has the most serious drug interaction with warfarin?

Aspirin

Which of the following categories of antihypertensive agents end in the suffix -dipine?

Calcium channel blockers

Which of the following classes of antiarrhythmics is associated with gingival enlargement?

Calcium channel blockers

Which agent is contraindicated in pregnant women due to the risk of teratogenicity?

Captopril

Which agent reduces serum cholesterol by increasing its utilization for bile acid synthesis?

Cholestyramine

Each of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication to dental treatment until a consultation with the patient's medical provider has determined any special treatment alterations that might be warranted except one. Which is the exception? Chronic, stable angina Uncontrolled heart failure Uncontrolled arrhythmia Significant, uncontrolled hypertension

Chronic, stable angina

Each of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy except one. Which is the exception?

Clonidine

Which agent is most likely to cause xerostomia?

Clonidine

Each of the following agents inhibits platelet function except one. Which is the exception?

Clopidogrel b. Dipyridamole c. Ticlopidined. Aspirin

Which of the following drugs is a direct inhibitor of thrombin?

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Hypersalivation is a sign of toxicity for which of the following agents?

Digoxin

Which of the following choices are effects of digoxin on the heart?

Digoxin accelerates atrioventricular (AV) conduction. Digoxin prolongs the refractory period of the atrioventricular (AV) node.

Which of the following is the primary type of drug recommended for patients who have edema or fluid retention with heart failure (HF)?

Diuretic

Of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, which has the shortest circulating half-life?

Factor VII

Which diuretic acts at the ascending loop of Henle of the kidney nephron to cause rapid diuresis?

Furosemide

Which of the following antihyperlipidemic agents can promote gallstone formation?

Gemfibrozil

Which of the following statements is true regarding hypertension?

High blood pressure eventually damages internal organs. Complications of hypertension are greatly increased with concomitant smoking

A serious lupus-like reaction is associated with which cardiovascular drug?

Hydralazine

Which of the following statements is true concerning hyperlipidemia and cholesterol?

Hyperlipidemia includes elevations in cholesterol or triglycerides and is associated with the development of arteriosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is good cholesterol.

Which of the following is the most common cardiovascular disease?

Hypertension

Which of the following statements is true of heart failure?

If the left side of the heart fails, the blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation.

Which of the following statements is true of ezetimibe?

It is currently available in combination with simvastatin or atorvastatin to treat cholesterol with two different mechanisms of action.

Which of the following is a B-adrenergic blocking drug that also has -receptor blocking activity?

Labetalol

Which of the following categories of drug is the best choice to relieve the acute symptoms of angina?

Nitroglycerin (NTG, Nitrostat, Nitrolingual)

Which of the following is the most important dental drug interaction with the thiazide diuretics?

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Each of the following effects is characteristic of channel-blocking agents except one. Which is the exception?

Orthostatic hypotension

Before administering nitroglycerine (NTG), the dental team should make sure that the patient has not used a _____ within the past 24 hours

PDE5 inhibitor

A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) may experience interactions with which of the following?

Phenobarbital Erythromycin Aspirin

Which of the following groups of diuretics are called the "puny" diuretics?

Potassium-sparing

Which of the following agents can worsen asthma?

Propranolol (Inderal)

Which of the following is true concerning what research has shown regarding the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease?

Studies both support and reject the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease

How is low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) administered?

Subcutaneously

Which of the following agents is an b1-adrenergic receptor antagonist?

Terazosin (Hytrin)

Which of the following statement is true concerning the use of -adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris?

The net result of the use of -adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris is a reduced myocardial oxygen demand.

Which drug is a platelet aggregation inhibitor that has largely replaced ticlopidine?

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

Each of the following is true for management of the dental patient taking warfarin except one. Which is the exception?

Use of aspirin should be avoided. Most dental procedures do not require a change in the dose of warfarin. Insure the patient is free of infection before scaling/root planing is performed. Ask the patient to stop taking warfarin 3 days before the procedure.

Which of the following categories of agents may be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy?

a1- adrenergic blocking agents

a-Methyldopa (Aldomet) and clonidine (Catapres [TTS]) act in the central nervous system (CNS) as

alpha-adrenergic agonists

B1-Receptor stimulation is associated with

an increase in cardiac contractility.

Which antihypertensive agent is associated with a nonproductive cough?

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

Many _____ end in the suffix -pril

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)

PCSK9 inhibitors are

antibodies.

In a normally functioning heart, the bundle of His receives its electrical input from the

atrioventricular (A V) node

The cells of cardiac muscles have an intrinsic rhythm called

automaticity.

Nitroglycerin (NTG) should be

available to the dental team for treatment of an acute anginal attack.

Severe hypotension and reflex tachycardia are caused by combination of sympathomimetics, such as epinephrine, with which antihypertensive agent class?

b1-Adrenergic blocking agents

The therapeutic target international normalized ratio (INR) for most indications, such as thrombophlebitis, is

between 2 and 3.

B-Adrenergic blockers lower blood pressure primarily by

decreasing cardiac output

There is a danger of _____ if the dose of anticoagulant is too small.

embolism

Common adverse reactions associated with thiazides include

hypokalemia and hyperuricemia

Dental patients with left heart failure may need to be positioned in the dental chair

in a semireclined position.

Niacin works by

inhibiting the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) without accumulation of triglycerides in the liver

MI refers to

injury or necrosis of the heart muscle

Essential hypertension is

of unknown cause.

The presence of _____ in the oral cavity can be a sign of an adverse effect associated with the oral anticoagulants.

petechial hemorrhages

GoNitro is administered to the patient as a

powder.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase is inhibited by

pravastatin.

Eating bananas when taking thiazide diuretics will

replenish potassium.

Blood returning from the peripheral circulation enters the

right atrium.

Based on the most recent recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA), the percentage of American diagnosed with hypertension will

rise

When a physician finds out that his female patient wishes to start a family, he decides to change her cholesterol-lowering medication. He changes her medication from

simvastatin to niacin.

The _____ has the fastest rate of depolarization and therefore directs all the other cells of the heart.

sinoatrial (SA) node

Ivabradine (Corlanor) acts by inhibiting an ion channel in the

sinoatrial node.

The newest guidelines from the ACC/AHA recommend using HMG-coA reductase inhibitors (statins) as the drugs of first choice for treating patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease based on

the patient's estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.

If the _____ tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) does not stop the anginal attack, the patient should be taken to the emergency room.

third

Patients taking antihypertensive agents who have been supine for some time should be slowly raised from that position. They should dangle their legs over the side of the chair and wiggle them before rising to the standing position.

true

Some studies have found that the presence of periodontal disease predicts an increase in morbidity and mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease. Other studies have failed to show a relationship

true

The use of nitroglycerin (NTG) is contraindicated if sildenafil (Viagra) has been administered within 24 hours. This is because the NTG-sildenafil combination can precipitate a hypertensive crisis

true , false

Nonselective -blockers can have a drug interaction with epinephrine, causing a two- to fourfold increase in vasopressor response. A gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine may be used, however.

true,false

Nitroglycerine (NTG) is a(n) _____ that produces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle throughout the body

vasodilator