Chapter 12: Implementation: Strategies and Associated Concerns

Phase 4: Putting Plans into Action

There are three major ways of putting plans into action: by phasing them in, in small segments; and by initiating the total program all at once. The strategies exist in a hierarchy and it is recommended that all programs go through all three (starting with pilot).

Phase 3: Financial management

financial management: - process of developing and using systems to ensure that funds are spent for the purposes which they have been appropriated - begins after funds have been obtained for the program and budget is created accounting= process of recording/summarizing transactions and determining their effects fiscal year= most organizations work on this... either Jan 1-Dec 31 or July 1-June 30 fiscal accountability= need for sound accounting - audits are used to determine fraud

Phase 3: HRM, 4 functions PADS

human resources management: Planning: personnel planning... what positions ate needed to carry out a program? Acquisition: recruitment of personnel Development: training personnel Sanction: maintaining the expectations and obligations program personnel have to one another *each employee needs a professional development plan that includes specific skills and personal growth components

Types of timetables and timelines: task development timelines

identifies the tasks to be completed and the time in which they will be completed

what are the components of a logic model?

inputs (resources) - human resources, partnerships, equipment, supplies, materials, community resources outputs (activities) - products, services, and infrastructure outcomes (results or effects) - short term (awareness, attitudes), mid term (behaviour/enviro), long term (risk reduction, change in health status/QOL)

phase 4: monitoring implementation

involves the ongoing collection and analysis of data and other info to determine if the program is operating as planned

phase 4: phasing in

limiting the number of people who are exposed, then gradually increasing the numbers; by offerings/location/ability/number

Types of timetables and timelines: critical path method

similar to PERT, sometimes referred to as PERT/CPM graphical view of the project and precast the time required to complete what is unique: focuses on the tasks that are critical to maintaining the planning schedule

Phases of Program Implementation

*phases are flexible and can be modified to meet the needs of the circumstance 1) adoption of the program 2) identifying and prioritizing the tasks to be completed 3) establishing a system of management 4) putting plans into action 5) ending or sustaining a program

Phase 3: Technical Resources Management

all other resources besides human or financial includes: - equipment - expertise - communication - info - material - partnerships - space -supplies *may be the most difficult to manage because difficult to quantify amounts

Types of timetables and timelines: Gantt Chart

created in 1917 by Henry Gantt as a production control tool - does the same thing as task development chart but also includes indication of progress made toward completing the task by using different sized lines to distinguish between projected time frame and the progress

Phase 3: Establishing a System of Management

management: the process of assembling and using sets of resources in a goal directed manner to accomplish tasks in an organizational setting - includes human, financial, and technical resources *the efficient, satisfactory management of health promo program is vital to its long term success

Phase 2: Identifying & Prioritizing the Tasks to Be Completed

many tasks must be completed, including: - reserving space for program - making sure audiovisual equipment is available - ordering correct number of participant education packets/manuals *tasks must be prioritized and identified... planning timetables can help with this

phase 4: pilot testing

trying out the program with a small group from priority pop to identify any problems

what does basic monitoring for a program allow for?

- provides operating and descriptive data and info - provides the basic info for comparing outcomes to program objectives - provides educational info about many aspects of program - preventative maintenance function by tracking indicators of critical elements

Phase 5: Ending or Sustaining a Program... 6 techniques to sustain:

1) work to institutionalize 2) seek feedback 3) advocate for the program 4) partner with others 5) revisit/revise the rationale 6) establish a resource development committee

Phase 5: Ending or Sustaining a Program

Planners should determine how long to run a program. If the program met its goals and objectives and the priority population has been served to the fullest extent necessary, then the program can be ended.

Implementation

The act of converting planning, goals, and objectives into action through administrative structure, management activities, policies, procedures, and regulations, and organizational actions of new programs - is one of the 3 stages of program diffusion... the other 2 being adoption and sustainability

phase 1: adoption of the program

This phase is a part of the marketing process. Great care must go into the marketing process to ensure that a relevant product (i.e., the health promotion program) is planned so that those in the priority population will want to participate in it.

logic model... what is it?

a systematic visual way for planners to share and present their understandings of the relationship among the resources and activities they plan to do - helps stakeholders to understand the bigger picture of how planning, implementing, and evaluating all fit together

Types of timetables and timelines: PERT charts

acronym: program evaluation and review technique much more complex than Gantt and aren't used that much in HP... 2 components: - diagram: visual representation of the tasks and order of completion - timetable: similar to key activity chart, but also includes 3 estimates of time for each task (optimistic, pessimistic, and probabilistic timeframes)

phase 4: first day implementation

aka program launch/rollout/kickoff... an extension of promotion focus: creating and sustaining demand for a product should decide: - specific day to rollout (coincide with other events like New Years) - kick off in style - obtain news coverage

phase 4: total implementation/program

all in the priority pop are exposed at the same time *for one shot programs, this may be the only phase

Types of timetables and timelines: basic timeline

all on one line, order of events

Phase 3: good management is needed for these 2 reasons:

to ensure programs are: effective: meet stated goals and objectives efficient: well organized, cost effective managers need technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills