Chapter 12 Microbiology Qui

What line of defense has been breached for this injury?

1st and 2nd lines of defense

________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

B cells, T cells

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as

GALT

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

PAMPs

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except

T cells

You examine Mary's tonsils as you prepare to swab them with the culture swab. While examining them, you notice a white pus coating the tonsils. What is this pus composed of?

WBC and phagocytosis debris

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in the bacterial cell membrane and virus envelopes

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for

all

The reticuloendothelial system

all

plasma

all

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

all are correct

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

all these are used

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

antigen

If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know?

aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical

The in-house lab performs the complete blood count with cell differential while Mary is still in the office. It shows an elevated white blood cell count, as well as an increase in neutrophils. What is this most likely a sign of?

bacterial infection

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are

basophils

JV is very intelligent and realizes that he needs to be more diligent with his mucus clearing exercises. He asks you if it is okay if he only does his exercises when he is not feeling well, even though the doctor tells him he must do them every day. What is a correct response?

body doesn't have the ability to protect iself because of its damaged immunity, must do exercises

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

cause a fever

JV asks you to explain what cilia are to him. All of the following are correct answers except

chemical-excreting fighter cells

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

chill

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except

chills

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called

classification

Taxonomy does not involve

common name

The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

complement

The main function of the reticuloendothelial system is to provide

connection between tissues and organs

All of the following pertain to platelets except they

contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

creates a physical barrier against pathogens

A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens are

dendritic cells

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

diapedesis

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called

edema

Mario wants to know if there is any way he can reduce the edema, as he thinks there is no way it can be beneficial if it is so uncomfortable. What is not an appropriate response? Group of answer choices

edema is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are

eosinophils

Which type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?

eosinophils

A low to moderate fever in an otherwise healthy person should be treated immediately with antipyretic drugs.

false

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

false

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

false

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

false

Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

false

Plasma is also called lymph.

false

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

false

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):

family, genus, species

Mary's mother is very concerned about her high fevers. She thinks that the fevers are a sign that Mary is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to Mary's mother's concerns?

fevers are actually a healthy response to help fight infections

If JV's cilia are unable to clear his lungs of mucus, what line of defense is being breached?

first line of defense

The granules of basophils contain

histamine

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

include mast cells

All of the following pertain to interferon except it

increase capillary refill permeability and vasodilation

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it

increase the availability of iron

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators

What will be the natural progression of healing for Mario, assuming that everything happens in its usual order?

injury, vascular reactions, edema/pus formation, scar formation

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

intereron

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

intracellular fluid

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

kingdom

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?

lymph nodes

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

lymphocyte

Each of the following are granulocytes except

lymphocytes

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?

lymphocytes

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is

lysozyme

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into

macrophages

All the following are events of early inflammation except

macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their

markers

Diapedesis is the

migration of WBC from the blood out of the tissues

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

monocytes

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are

neutrophils

Mario asks you why the laceration is puffy, and has become fairly itchy. What is an accurate response?

normal response to injury. blood is rushing

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except

phagocytic white blood cells

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

phagocytosis

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except

phagocytosis

Plasma cells

produce and secrete antibiotics

Hematopoiesis is the

production of WBC, RBC and platelets

Which of the following is mismatched?

prostaglandins-activate eosinophils and B cells

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

pyrogens

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

At this phase of injury, how would you expect the area surrounding the injury to present?

red and hot

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

respiratory tract

Lysozyme is found in

salivary secretions

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.

skin

The smallest and most significant taxon is

species

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

spleen

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

taxonomy

You initially examine Mary for yourself, and discover that lymph nodes at the posterior cervical chain of her neck seem warm, tender, and slightly enlarged. However, the other lymph nodes are either nonpalpable or small, nontender, rubbery, and less than 2 mm in size. What is your interpretation of this finding?

this examination is consistent with a localized infection

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

thymus

Why are Mary's tonsils swollen?

tonsils are made by lymphatic tissues

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

true

During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

true

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

true

Genetic differences among species and within a species can convey genetic immunity to certain diseases.

true

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

true

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

tumor-cancer

Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all

vasoactive mediators

JV asks you, as his bedside nurse, to explain to him why he keeps getting sick from the same bacteria. What is an appropriate response?

your mucus traps and harbors the microorgamis, and they can't get cleared, begin to breach your 2nd and 3rd