Chapter 12 Microbiology Qui
What line of defense has been breached for this injury?
1st and 2nd lines of defense
________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.
B cells, T cells
The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as
GALT
What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?
PAMPs
Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except
T cells
You examine Mary's tonsils as you prepare to swab them with the culture swab. While examining them, you notice a white pus coating the tonsils. What is this pus composed of?
WBC and phagocytosis debris
The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves
a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in the bacterial cell membrane and virus envelopes
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for
all
The reticuloendothelial system
all
plasma
all
Nonspecific chemical defenses include
all are correct
Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?
all these are used
The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.
antigen
If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know?
aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical
The in-house lab performs the complete blood count with cell differential while Mary is still in the office. It shows an elevated white blood cell count, as well as an increase in neutrophils. What is this most likely a sign of?
bacterial infection
The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are
basophils
JV is very intelligent and realizes that he needs to be more diligent with his mucus clearing exercises. He asks you if it is okay if he only does his exercises when he is not feeling well, even though the doctor tells him he must do them every day. What is a correct response?
body doesn't have the ability to protect iself because of its damaged immunity, must do exercises
Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?
cause a fever
JV asks you to explain what cilia are to him. All of the following are correct answers except
chemical-excreting fighter cells
A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.
chill
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except
chills
The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called
classification
Taxonomy does not involve
common name
The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.
complement
The main function of the reticuloendothelial system is to provide
connection between tissues and organs
All of the following pertain to platelets except they
contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it
creates a physical barrier against pathogens
A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens are
dendritic cells
Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?
diapedesis
The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called
edema
Mario wants to know if there is any way he can reduce the edema, as he thinks there is no way it can be beneficial if it is so uncomfortable. What is not an appropriate response? Group of answer choices
edema is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken
The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are
eosinophils
Which type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?
eosinophils
A low to moderate fever in an otherwise healthy person should be treated immediately with antipyretic drugs.
false
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.
false
Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.
false
During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.
false
Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.
false
Plasma is also called lymph.
false
The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.
false
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):
family, genus, species
Mary's mother is very concerned about her high fevers. She thinks that the fevers are a sign that Mary is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to Mary's mother's concerns?
fevers are actually a healthy response to help fight infections
If JV's cilia are unable to clear his lungs of mucus, what line of defense is being breached?
first line of defense
The granules of basophils contain
histamine
Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?
include mast cells
All of the following pertain to interferon except it
increase capillary refill permeability and vasodilation
Each of the following are benefits of fever except it
increase the availability of iron
What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?
injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators
What will be the natural progression of healing for Mario, assuming that everything happens in its usual order?
injury, vascular reactions, edema/pus formation, scar formation
Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?
intereron
Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?
intracellular fluid
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
kingdom
What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck?
lymph nodes
Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?
lymphocyte
Each of the following are granulocytes except
lymphocytes
Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?
lymphocytes
The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is
lysozyme
When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into
macrophages
All the following are events of early inflammation except
macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis
Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?
macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their
markers
Diapedesis is the
migration of WBC from the blood out of the tissues
Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?
monocytes
The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are
neutrophils
Mario asks you why the laceration is puffy, and has become fairly itchy. What is an accurate response?
normal response to injury. blood is rushing
Which of the following is incorrect about complement?
only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen
Components of the first line of defense include all the following except
phagocytic white blood cells
During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?
phagocytosis
Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except
phagocytosis
Plasma cells
produce and secrete antibiotics
Hematopoiesis is the
production of WBC, RBC and platelets
Which of the following is mismatched?
prostaglandins-activate eosinophils and B cells
The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are
pyrogens
Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?
pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
At this phase of injury, how would you expect the area surrounding the injury to present?
red and hot
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the
respiratory tract
Lysozyme is found in
salivary secretions
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.
skin
The smallest and most significant taxon is
species
Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?
spleen
Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?
taxonomy
You initially examine Mary for yourself, and discover that lymph nodes at the posterior cervical chain of her neck seem warm, tender, and slightly enlarged. However, the other lymph nodes are either nonpalpable or small, nontender, rubbery, and less than 2 mm in size. What is your interpretation of this finding?
this examination is consistent with a localized infection
Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?
thymus
Why are Mary's tonsils swollen?
tonsils are made by lymphatic tissues
Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.
true
During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.
true
Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.
true
Genetic differences among species and within a species can convey genetic immunity to certain diseases.
true
Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.
true
Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?
tumor-cancer
Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all
vasoactive mediators
JV asks you, as his bedside nurse, to explain to him why he keeps getting sick from the same bacteria. What is an appropriate response?
your mucus traps and harbors the microorgamis, and they can't get cleared, begin to breach your 2nd and 3rd