Chapter 12 - Psychological Disorders

Individuals with dissociative disorders have

a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala.

Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from

excoriation.

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT

feeling emotionally charged.

When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing

hallucinations.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.

A man who believes that he is the reincarnation of a famous preacher is exhibiting the schizophrenic symptom of

delusion.

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

diathesis-stress model

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?

American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?

An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time.

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

Borderline personality disorder

_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.

Flat affect

Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time.

Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew?

It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.

Social phobia

Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT

behavior that is inconsistent.

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the

biological approach.

Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from

bulimia nervosa.

Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with

major depressive disorder.

It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from

major depressive disorder.

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

maladaptive.

Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic, and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of

mania.

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.

medical model

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from

panic disorder.

Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of

post-traumatic stress disorder.