Chapter 12 Questions

Which of the following best describes semi-supervised learning? a. the training data contain some missing labels or incomplete data b. the training data match inputs to nodes in the network c. the training data contain input-output pairs d. the training data only include input values e. none of these choices are correct

a. the training data contain some missing labels or incomplete data

Which of the following is created mainly for cryptocurrency application? a. Ethereum b. Hyperledger c. Corda d. Bitcoin

d. Bitcoin

How many copies of the ledger are in a blockchain network with 4 participating nodes? a. one b. two c. three d. four

d. four

Which of the following best describes the difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning? a. machine learning is a subset of AI b. machine learning only applies to deep learning algorithms c. AI and machine learning are the same thing d. machine learning requires less data than AI e. none of these choices are correct

a. machine learning is a subset of AI

Which of the following is not part of the virtuous cycle of machine learning? a. model b. learn c. predict d. data e. none of these choices are correct

a. model

What is a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm? a. a few members have known identities b. a portion of the miner's blocks will be locked until it is validated c. large quantities of compute power are required to solve a complex mathematical problem d. none of these are a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm

a. a few members have known identities

When we refer to smart contract in blockchain, we mean: a. a piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities b. a contract that can be edited at any time for business rules c. a digital copy of paper contract such as a Word file d. a digital contract that can be distributed all to the participants with all terms defined

a. a piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities

Which feature cannot be found in bitcoin a. double spend b. anyone can join and leave the bitcoin network at any time c. immutable history of transactions d. a new block is added every 10 minutes

a. double spend

What is the major difference between the proof of authority (PoA) consensus algorithm and proof of work (PoW) consensus algorithm? a. for PoA, validator identities are known b. for PoW, smaller number of validators is required c. for PoW, only a select group of participants in the network is creating blocks d. for PoA, all participants must compete to gain the consensus as the validator

a. for PoA, validator identities are known

Which of the following best describes machine learning? a. machine learning is a technique by which a software model is trained using data b. machine learning involves a computer's ability to learn from specific instructions c. machine learning uses complex, multi-layer neural networks d. none of these choices is correct

a. machine learning is a technique by which a software model is trained using data

What type of blockchain does not restrict participation in the network? a. public b. private c. permission d. consortium

a. public

Which of the following is not one of the five basic questions that machine learning applications answer? a. what data should I use? b. what should I do next? c. how are these alike? d. is it different?

a. what data should I use?

Which of the following statements is false? a. private blockchain requires to join the network b. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules c. in ethereum, a new block is added every 12 to 15 seconds d. blockchain transactions are immutable

b. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules

Which of the following best describes deep learning? a. deep learning is used to solve philosophical problems b. deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks c. deep learning is different from machine learning in fundamental ways d. deep learning provides more output values than machine learning e. none of these choices are correct

b. deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks

Which of the following is not a metric used to assess the performance of a model? a. precision b. reliability c. accuracy d. recall e. none of these choices is correct

b. reliability

Which of the following is not true with respect to artificial intelligence? a. AI is a broad field in computer science b. AI is intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans c. AI began in the 1990s d. AI is also called cognitive technologies e. none of these is true

c. AI began in the 1990s

Mining does not exist in a. Bitcoin b. Ethereum c. Hyperledger d. none of these choices is correct

c. Hyperledger

Which of the following statements is false? a. a distributed ledger contains many copies of the same ledger b. a distributed ledger stores the same set of transaction c. because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crash and cause the syncing issue in the blockchain network d. a transaction record cannot be added to the blockchain unless there is network consensus

c. because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crash and cause the syncing issue in the blockchain network

Which of the following is the best description of artificial intelligence? a. Sophia the robot developed by Hanson Robotics b. a broad field in data analytics c. intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans d. the use of technology to support decision making

c. intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans

What is the blockchain analogous to? a. messaging b. text file c. ledger d. code executable

c. ledger

Which of the following best describes machine learning? a. machine learning is driven by programming instructions b. machine learning is a different branch of computer science from AI c. machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data d. machine learning is the ability of a machine to think on its own e. none of these choices are correct

c. machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data

Ben goes to his bank to wire transfer $1,000 to his sister Jennifer. The role of the bank in this transaction is best described as: a. miner b. blockchain c. middleman d. consensus

c. middleman

Which of the following best described artificial neural networks? a. training a neural network involves the use of real-world data b. deep learning is required for a neural network c. neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs d. neural networks only have two layers e. none of these choices are correct

c. neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs

Which of the following best describes supervised learning? a. the computer discovers patterns in the data b. the model discerns how elements of the dataset are alike c. the output is a known set of values to predict from the input d. none of these choices is correct

c. the output is a known set of values to predict from the input

Which of the following best describes supervised learning? a. the training data contain missing labels or incomplete data b. the training data match inputs to nodes in the network c. the training data contain input-output pairs d. the training data only include input values e. none of these choices are correct

c. the training data contain input-output pairs

Which of the following statements is false? a. Hyperledger is an open source blockchain platform created by the Linux foundation b. Hyperledger is a permissioned blockchain with capabilities of handling smart contracts c. the main objective of Hyperledger is to achieve cross-industry collaboration with blockchain technology d. Hyperledger is a public blockchain

d. Hyperledger is a public blockchain

Which statement is false? a. each block of Bitcoin takes about 10 minutes to be added to the blockchain b. Ethereum uses smart contract c. Corda is an open source blockchain d. Hyperledger is developed for the banking industry

d. Hyperledger is developed for the banking industry

Which of the following describes the difference between artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning? a. machine learning is a subset of AI b. deep learning is a subset of machine learning c. AI encompasses machine learning and deep learning d. all of these choices are correct

d. all of these choices are correct

Which of the following technologies are used in blockchain? a. hashing b. cryptography c. smart contracts for business rules d. all of these choices are correct

d. all of these choices are correct

A selected set of organizations may run a blockchain node separately for keeping the transaction records. Administrators from the organizations establish the access rights and permissions for each participant. This type of blockchain is often called: a. public blockchain b. permissionless blockchain c. private blockchain d. consortium blockchain

d. consortium blockchain

If the AI application predicts three classifications, how may rows would be in the confusion matrix to summarize results? a. only 1 b. two or more c. exactly 2 d. exactly 3

d. exactly 3

In the Ethereum network: a. miner uses SHA256 to determine if a block is a valid block b. because a smart contract describes business rules and is also flexible for different industries, it can be modified to fit the business after a block is inserted to the Ethereum network c. transaction fees are higher than Bitcoin d. mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate

d. mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate

Which of the following statements is true? a. Because blockchain transactions are stored in chronological order, you may trace a block from an earlier transaction block to the most recent block in the blockchain b. Both permissioned and public blockchains need miners to determine which transaction block should be added next c. Ethereum is a private blockchain d. smart contract was introduced Ethereum

d. smart contract was introduced Ethereum

Which of the following fields is one of the foundations of the artificial intelligence field? a. philosophy b. neuroscience c. cybernetics d. psychology e. all of these choices are correct

e. all of these choices are correct

What information does a block in the Bitcoin network not contain? a. the sender b. the receiver c. the quantity of bitcoins to transfer d. the sender and the receiver e. none, a block contains all of this information

e. none, a block contains all of this information