Chapter 12 Questions

Which of the following statements is false? A. Private blockchain requires permissions to join the network. B. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules. C. In Ethereum, a new block is added every 12 to 15 seconds. D. Blockchain transactions are immutable.

B. Bitcoin uses smart contract to specify the business rules.

Which of the following best describes deep learning? A. Deep learning is used to solve philosophical problems. B. Deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks. C. Deep learning is different from machine learning in fundamental ways. D. Deep learning provides more output values than machine learning. E. None of these choices are correct.

B. Deep learning involves complex, multilayer neural networks.

If the AI application predicts three classifications, how may rows would be in the confusion matrix to summarize results? A. Exactly 2. B. Exactly 3. C. Only 1. D. Two or more.

B. Exactly 3.

Which of the following best describes supervised learning? A. The model discerns how elements of the dataset are alike. B. The output is a known set of values to predict from the input. C. The computer discovers patterns in the data. D. None of these choices is correct.

B. The output is a known set of values to predict from the input.

What is the blockchain analogous to? A. text file B. ledger C. messaging D. code executable

B. ledger

If a confusion matrix shows 46 TP, 6 FN, 500 TN, and 4 FP, what is the precision ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) A. 0.90 B. 0.92 C. 0.98 D. 0.88 E. None of these choices are correct.

B. 0.92

If a confusion matrix shows 46 TP, 6 FN, 500 TN, and 4 FP, what is the accuracy ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) A. 0.90 B. 0.92 C. 0.98 D. 0.88 E. None of these choices are correct.

C. 0.98

If a confusion matrix shows 25 TP, 5 FN, 1000 TN, and 5 FP, what is the accuracy ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) A. 0.90 B. 0.92 C. 0.99 D. 0.83 E. None of these choices are correct.

C. 0.99

Which of the following is not true with respect to artificial intelligence? A. AI is a broad field in computer science. B. AI is intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans. C. AI began in the 1990s. D. AI is also called cognitive technologies. E. None of these is true.

C. AI began in the 1990s.

Which of the following statement is false? A. A distributed ledger contains many copies of the same ledger. B. A distributed ledger stores the same set of transaction records. C. Because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crash and cause the syncing issue in the blockchain network. D. A transaction record cannot be added to the blockchain unless there is network consensus.

C. Because a distributed ledger exists in a blockchain network, a computer consisting of all transaction records may crash and cause the syncing issue in the blockchain network.

Which of the following is created mainly for cryptocurrency application? A. Hyperledger B. Corda C. Bitcoin D. Ethereum

C. Bitcoin

What is the major difference between the proof of authority (PoA) consensus algorithm and proof of work (PoW) consensus algorithm? A. For PoW, smaller number of validators is required. B. For PoA, all participants must compete to gain the consensus as the validator. C. For PoA, validator identities are known. D. For PoW, only a select group of participants in the network is creating blocks.

C. For PoA, validator identities are known.

How many copies of the ledger are in a blockchain network with 4 participating nodes? A. One B. Three C. Four D. Two

C. Four

Which of the following best describes machine learning? A. Machine learning uses complex, multi-layer neural networks. B. None of these choices is correct. C. Machine learning is a technique by which a software model is trained using data. D. Machine learning involves a computer's ability to learn from specific instructions.

C. Machine learning is a technique by which a software model is trained using data.

What is a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm? A. A few members have known identities. B. A portion of the miner's blocks will be locked until it is validated. C. Large quantities of compute power are required to solve a complex mathematical problem. D. None of these are a requirement of the proof of authority algorithm.

A. A few members have known identities.

Which feature cannot be found in bitcoin? A. Double spend B. Anyone can join and leave the bitcoin network at any time C. Immutable history of transactions D. A new block is added every 10 minutes

A. Double spend

Which of the following best describes the difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning? A. Machine learning is a subset of AI. B. Machine learning only applies to deep learning algorithms. C. AI and machine learning are the same thing. D. Machine learning requires less data than AI. E. None of these choices are correct.

A. Machine learning is a subset of AI.

Which of the following is not part of the virtuous cycle of machine learning? A. Model B. Learn C. Predict D. Data E. None of these choices are correct.

A. Model

Which of the following is not a metric used to assess the performance of a model? A. Reliability. B. Accuracy. C. Recall. D. None of these choices is correct. E. Precision.

A. Reliability.

Which of the following best describes semi-supervised learning? A. The training data contain some missing labels or incomplete data. B. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network. C. The training data contain input—output pairs. D. The training data only include input values. E. None of these choices are correct.

A. The training data contain some missing labels or incomplete data.

Which of the following is not directly related to one of the five questions that machine learning/AI is best suited to answer? A. Which business strategy will be most successful? B. Is this firm a good merger candidate? C. What type of customer will like this new product? D. How much can we sell this product for? E. None of these choices are correct.

A. Which business strategy will be most successful?

Which of the following best describes machine learning? A. Machine learning is driven by programming instructions. B. Machine learning is a different branch of computer science from AI. C. Machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data. D. Machine learning is the ability of a machine to think on its own. E. None of these choices are correct.

C. Machine learning is a technique where a software model is trained using data.

Which of the following best describes artificial neural networks? A. Training a neural network involves the use of real-world data. B. Deep learning is required for a neural network. C. Neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs. D. Neural networks only have two layers. E. None of these choices are correct.

C. Neural networks consist of inputs, neurons or nodes, and outputs.

Which of the following best describes supervised learning? A. The training data contain missing labels or incomplete data. B. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network. C. The training data contain input—output pairs. D. The training data only include input values. E. None of these choices are correct.

C. The training data contain input—output pairs.

When we refer to smart contract in blockchain, we mean A. a digital copy of paper contract such as a Word file. B. a digital contract that can be distributed all to the participants with all terms defined. C. a piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities. D. a contract that can be edited at any time for business rules.

C. a piece of software code that can be executed or triggered by business activities.

Ben goes to his bank to wire transfer $1,000 to his sister Jennifer. The role of the bank in this transaction is best described as A. miner. B. blockchain. C. middleman. D. consensus.

C. middleman.

If a confusion matrix shows 25 TP, 5 FN, 1000 TN, and 5 FP, what is the precision ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) A. 0.90 B. 0.92 C. 0.99 D. 0.83 E. None of these choices are correct.

D. 0.83

If a confusion matrix shows 25 TP, 5 FN, 1000 TN, and 5 FP, what is the recall ratio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) A. 0.90 B. 0.92 C. 0.99 D. 0.83 E. None of these choices are correct.

D. 0.83

Which of the following best describes a confusion matrix? A. It is a table summarizing the prediction results. B. It has as many rows and columns as classifications to predict. C. It can be used to calculate other performance metrics. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following fields is one of the foundations of the artificial intelligence field? A. PsycholoGy. B. Philosophy. C. Neuroscience. D. All of these choices are correct. E. Cybernetics.

D. All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following statement is false? A. Hyperledger is an open source blockchain platform created by the Linux foundation. B. Hyperledger is a permissioned blockchain with capabilities of handling smart contracts. C. The main objective of Hyperledger is to achieve cross-industry collaboration with blockchain technology. D. Hyperledger is a public blockchain.

D. Hyperledger is a public blockchain.

Which of the following is the best description of artificial intelligence? A. A broad field in data analytics. B. The use of technology to support decision making. C. Sophia the robot developed by Hanson Robotics. D. Intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans.

D. Intelligence exhibited by machines rather than humans.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Because blockchain transactions are stored in chronological order, you may trace a block from an earlier transaction block to the most recent block in the blockchain. B. Both permissioned and public blockchains need miners to determine which transaction block should be added next. C. Ethereum is a private blockchain. D. Smart contract was introduced in Ethereum.

D. Smart contract was introduced in Ethereum.

Which of the following best describes reinforcement learning? A. The model determines how elements of the dataset are alike. B. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network. C. The training data contain input—output pairs. D. The model learns by trial-and-error. E. None of these choices are correct.

D. The model learns by trial-and-error.

Which of the following best describes unsupervised learning? A. The training data contain missing labels or incomplete data. B. The training data match inputs to nodes in the network. C. The training data contain input—output pairs. D. The training data only include input values. E. None of these choices are correct.

D. The training data only include input values.

Which of the following is not one of the five basic questions that machine learning applications answer? A. Is it different? B. What should I do next? C. How are these alike? D. What data should I use?

D. What data should I use?

A selected set of organizations may run a blockchain node separately for keeping the transaction records. Administrators from the organizations establish the access rights and permissions for each participant. This type of blockchain is often called A. public blockchain. B. permissionless blockchain. C. private blockchain. D. consortium blockchain.

D. consortium blockchain.

In the Ethereum network A. because a smart contract describes business rules and is also flexible for different industries, it can be modified to fit the business after a block is inserted to the Ethereum network. B. transaction fees are higher than Bitcoin. C. miner uses SHA256 to determine if a block is a valid block. D. mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate.

D. mining of Ether occurs at a constant rate.

What information does a block in the Bitcoin network not contain? A. The sender B. The receiver C. The quantity of bitcoins to transfer D. The sender and the receiver E. None, a block contains all of this information.

E. None, a block contains all of this information.