Chapter 12 Social Psychology

Dr. Scholz is reading an article describing research in which investigators examined the consequences of other people's presence on participants' ability to perform a variety of tasks. Dr. Scholz is MOST likely reading the Journal of Research in _____ Psychology. Educational Social Cognitive Developmental

Social

A student's statement that his professor gave him a bad grade because she does not like him is a(n): stereotype. disposition. attribution. bias.

attribution

Sammy the monkey is shown two different rewards: a grape and a carrot. To receive the reward he wants (the grape), Sammy has to perform as asked. Sammy performs the indicated behavior exactly as he is supposed to but receives the carrot as a reward. He proceeds to throw the carrot back at the trainer and becomes very angry. Sammy has never acted this way before. This example BEST demonstrates the: altruistic principle. frustration-aggression hypothesis. cognitive dissonance hypothesis. aggression principle.

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Bryan believes that business classes are boring. The process of perceptual confirmation suggests that Bryan will: abandon his belief when he finds his next business class interesting. only notice the times when he has to tediously remember self-evident concepts in business. attribute anything interesting in business to the professor who teaches it or the subtopic under discussion. make business more boring than it really is.

only notice the times when he has to tediously remember self-evident concepts in business.

Brittany has heard that people with long hair tend to be very rude. When getting on the subway, a girl with really long hair steps in front of her, and when Brittany makes a comment about it the girl gives her a dirty look. The girl has confirmed Brittany's _____ about girls with long hair. correspondence bias social cognition discrimination stereotype

stereotype

Stefan is a young man who plays soccer with a group of older men. Most of the older men have families and have to stop playing soccer around 4:00 p.m. to be home in time for dinner. A new man named Hugh, who is also older, joins the group. At 4:00 p.m., the game stops, and Stefan assumes that Hugh has to go home like the rest of the men in the group. Stefan has developed a(n) _____ about Hugh based on his experience with the rest of the older men. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. attribution subtype stereotype appraisal

stereotype

People use stereotypes because: stereotypes are short cuts that may be correct and useful. people cannot think for themselves. people find them amusing. most people are mean and like to hurt people.

stereotypes are short cuts that may be correct and useful.

Participants who observed two people play a trivia game were MOST likely to make an inaccurate judgment about whether the person asking the questions was more knowledgeable than the person answering the questions. This tendency to make this inaccurate judgment reflects: perceptual confirmation. the correspondence bias. subtyping. stereotype threat.

the correspondence bias

According to the text, which two pieces of information is it necessary to know in order to understand people? what the situation is and what they did where they come from and what they did what they did and why they did it where they came from and what the situation is

what they did and why they did it

Young men commit approximately _____% of the murders in the United States. 45 75 60 90

90

Which is an example of the frustration-aggression principle? A dog sees a cat in the yard and chases after it. A squirrel quickly tries to grab a nut before it falls off the tree but misses and has to run down the tree to the ground to get the nut. A cat tries to get food left on the back porch and claws at a dog that is running toward it and barking. A snake hisses when it is stepped on.

A cat tries to get food left on the back porch and claws at a dog that is running toward it and barking

Edward collects coins. According to the text, which would be the BEST way for him to get the coins he needs for his collection? Edward should try very hard to find as many coins as possible using the Internet and phone book. Edward should ask friends and family members to watch out for the coins to help find as many as possible. Edward should be very aggressive and scare people into giving him the coins he wants. Edward should wait to see how many he will get on his birthday.

Edward should ask friends and family members to watch out for the coins to help find as many as possible.

Julie is at an engineering competition where teams from different schools are designated by different colored shirts with their school name printed on the front. Julie observes one competition in which an individual from UCLA comes in first place and an individual from USC comes in last place. Which assumption is Julie MOST likely to make, assuming she has no previous exposure or knowledge about these two schools? Julie will think all UCLA students are very smart but that USC students are not nearly as intelligent. Julie probably thinks the victory was just lucky and that there is no difference between UCLA and USC. Julie will not think the results from the competition reflect upon other students from the school at all. Julie will think there's range of intelligence at both UCLA and USC.

Julie will think all UCLA students are very smart but that USC students are not nearly as intelligent

Janice needs to pick a partner for the prisoner's dilemma game. Who is the BEST choice? David, who is never willing to cooperate Shelia, who only cooperates when it benefits her the most Justin, who is always there for Janice and has never let her down her brother, who has never had to help his sister

Justin, who is always there for Janice and has never let her down

Which statement is the BEST example of a stereotype? Meryl Streep is a movie actor. Carly belongs to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Frank likes to carve wood figures out of oak. Tina is blond and therefore must have a lot of fun.

Tina is blond and therefore must have a lot of fun.

Stereotyping is the process by which people: pick up information from what other people say. draw inferences about others based on knowledge of the categories to which they belong. come to understand others. see what they expect to see.

draw inferences about others based on knowledge of the categories to which they belong

A(n) _____ is a collection of people with some trait that distinguishes them from others. group class cohort kin

g

A group of conservative college students are discussing political issues. After the discussion, their attitudes become even more conservative. This example BEST illustrates: deindividuation. groupthink. the common knowledge effect. group polarization.

group polarization

Betsy needs to find someone to fix the sink in her house. Which person is she MOST likely to ask for help? her brother, who has also fixed her toilet, shower, and water heater in exchange for Betsy dog-sitting his golden retriever the plumber, who says he will show up around 3:00 p.m. and does not arrive until 6:00 p.m., if he comes at all the neighbor, who has promised to help her after she helped him but has never followed through her husband, who always makes things worse when he tries to fix things around the house, and then wants Betsy to clean up after him

her brother, who has also fixed her toilet, shower, and water heater in exchange for Betsy dog-sitting his golden retriever

Compared with men, women are: more likely to get in a fight or commit a violent crime. more likely to engage in impulsive acts of aggression. more likely to premeditate their aggressive acts. less likely to spread rumors and ostracize others.

more likely to premeditate their aggressive acts

Curtis usually does very well on tests, but he failed his most recent vocabulary exam. His teacher was very upset by Curtis's performance and decided that Curtis must be sick or have some type of problem that affected his ability to study for the test. In this example, the teacher made a(n) _____ about Curtis's test performance. confirmation bias dispositional attribution situational attribution actor-observer bias

situational attribution

Jenni is asked to help a neighbor paint his house, and in exchange, the neighbor has offered to help Jenni put up the fence she has wanted to build. Jenni might NOT cooperate because: she thinks that, if she does not help, she probably will get her fence built anyway. her neighbor has helped her several times before without asking her to do him a favor. she had already asked her unreliable brother to come over and put up the fence. the neighbor has promised to help her before, but he has never followed through.

the neighbor has promised to help her before, but he has never followed through