Chapter 12.1 and 12.2 and 12.3
Which are used to build RNA?
Adenine Thymine, Guanine, and Uracil
What happened in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's blender experiment?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase experimented with viruses that infect bacteria called bacteriophages Knew bacteriophages were made of proteins and DNA Showed only DNA, not Protein entered cell during infection:
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acid tryptophan
What is a bacteriophage?
Bacteriophage = Virus that infects Bacteria
What role did Rosalind Franklin and James Watson & Francis Crick play in our understanding of DNA's structure?
DNA is a DOUDLE HELIX X-ray experiment by Rosalind Franklin led James Watson and Francis Crick to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953.
What happened in Frederick Griffith's experiment with pneumonia and mice?
Frederick Griffith looked at Pneumonia bacteria trying to figure out what made people die S (SMOOTH) strain - killed mice R (Rough) strain - mice lived If he heated the LETHAL strain first, the MICE LIVED The heat-killed bacteria were no longer LETHAL But if he mixed heat-killed LETHAL bacteria with live harmless bacteria, the MICE DIED When he looked inside dead mice, he found LIVE LETHAL bacteria! Somehow, the heat killed LETHAL bacteria passed their characteristics to the harmless bacteria. Griffith called this process TRANSFORMATION because one strain of bacteria had been changed permanently into another.
What did their experiment show?
Genetic material in virus was DNA, not protein
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Nucleotides each have a deoxyribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. The four bases are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
Which nucleotides are found in the nucleotides that are used to build DNA?
Nucleotides used to build DNA are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine.
What happened in Oswald Avery's experiment?
Oswald Avery's team of scientists repeat Griffith's experiments looking for the transforming molecule. After heat killing the LETHAL Pneumonia bacteria, he treated them with digestive enzymes that destroy specific kinds of molecules. If proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or RNA's were destroyed, transformation still occurred! But when they treated the heat-killed LETHAL bacteria with enzymes to destroy DNA there was NO transformation and the mice lived! DNA was the molecule that caused the genetic change.
What did Griffith's experiment show?
Showed genetic material could be passed between bacteria and cause a change.
What did His experiment show?
Showed that the genetic material was DNA.
What is transformation?
Transformation = One type of Bacteria (Harmless form) had been changed permanently into another (the disease-causing form).
What molecule is involved in transformation?
tRNA
