Chapter 13: Architecture

What is the central vaulted space of a Romanesque church called?

Nave

A ______ results when barrel vaults are connected at right angles.

groin vault

The skeleton of the _____ _____ was the aesthetic focus because it had no decorative embellishments.

Eiffel Tower

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?

Wood Stone

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the ______ structural system.

shell

Having the structure of a building visible, rather than obscured, is characteristic of what style of architecture?

International

What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?

The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

How does the Great Friday Mosque in Djenné, Mali demonstrate the demands of load-bearing construction?

The walls gently taper as they rise.

What is the significance of the portico?

To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple

is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material.

Adobe

Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture?

Adobe Brick Stone Ice blocks

What is one advantage of reinforced-concrete construction?

An ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

The Pont du Gard at Nîmes, France is based on what type of structure?

Arch

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

What did the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London do?

Established the success of cast-iron as a building material

True or false: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material.

False

In a Greek temple, what are the three basic elements of an entablature?

Frieze Architrave Cornice

This architectural work represents the elements of ______ architecture.

Gothic

What elements are associated with Romanesque style?

Groin vaults Barrel vaults

The ______ incorporates immense dome placed on top of a massive square base.

Hagia Sophia

What does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in Eastern architecture?

It distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.

What does the construction of the Eiffel Tower suggest?

It is a quintessential example of skeleton architecture.

What is the significance of the isolation of the Taj Mahal's dome?

It is ornamental.

What do we know about the Pont du Gard at Nîmes, France?

It is solid and heavy, yet its weight-bearing capabilities appear effortless It is made up of three tiers of arcades It once functioned as an aqueduct

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?

Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces

______ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base.

Pointed arches

Which type of construction is shown?

Round arch

The Great Friday Mosque in Djenné, in Mali, is an impressive example of what type of construction?

Stacking and piling Load-bearing

Which elements characterize International style skyscrapers?

Stark linear emphasis Simple geometric forms

_____ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques.

Steel frame

What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown?

Steel-frame

What type of architectural system is pictured?

Stepped truss

What does the keystone do?

Supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded arch

What is the ability for a building material to withstand stretching known as?

Tensile strength

In Greek temple design, what area of the entablature is generally ornamented with sculptural relief?

The frieze

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a ______.

bay

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ______ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.

cast-iron

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as ______.

coffering

Gothic style architecture is well-known for the use of ______ buttresses that support the outward thrusts of soaring arches.

flying

Architects call the forces that act upon a building ______.

loads

A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the ______.

oculus