Chapter 13- Electrolyte deficiency

The nurse is teaching proper nutrition to a patient who has been prescribed high-ceiling diuretic therapy. Which patient response indicates a need for further teaching?

"I should eat more eggs more eggs and cereals a high potassium intake"

ECG findings in hypokalemia

-prolonged PR intervals When hyperkalemia is present, an individual may show absent P waves, tall T waves, prolonged PR intervals, and widened QRS complexes

A patient with severe hypokalemia is prescribed parenteral administration of potassium Which administration process would the nurse use ?

1 mEq of potassium to 10 mL intravenous solution

high risk for hypernatremia

54-year-old who is sweating profusely

Hormone that regulates fluid and electrolyte balance by preventing water and Sodium loss

Aldosterone -stimulate the nephrons. Sodium and water into the blood, preventing Sodium and water loss.

Which finding would the nurse expect during the assessment of a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct .

Bradycardia Muscle twitching Extremity numbness Cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperactive bowel sounds

Which body system would the nurse reassess if a patient's laboratory result indicates a serum potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L?

Cardiovascular -Potassium controls conductivity within the heart, so the cardiovascular system of a patient with a serum potassium level of 5.9mEq / L would be affected . The respiratory and genitourinary systems control acid- base balance . The I integumentary system controls fluid and some sodium balance through perspiration.

When treating a patient for hyponatremia, which type of drug must be altered to decrease sodium loss?

Diuretics

Which assessment finding is consistent with hyponatremia ?

Muscular weakness

major cause of death in patients with hypokalemia

Respiratory insufficiency

Electrolyte excess results in cellular irritability and severe cellular dehydration

Sodium

electrolyte deficiency results in reduced excitable membrane depolarization and increased cellular swelling of

Sodium hyponatremia occurs when sodium levels are low

Which drug might be used to manage symptoms of hypocalcemia?

calcium with vitamin D

when a patient reports disturbed deep sleep because of frequent cramping in the calves, which electrolyte would the nurse review in the patients health record?

calcium, low calcium can cause muscle spasms or charley horses in the thigh, calf or foot while sleeping.

Hyponatremia most affects the cells of which body systems? Select all that apply.

cerebral, cardiovascular, neuromuscular

which patient finding would the nurse expect to notice during and assessment of a patient admitted with hypocalcemia secondary to chronic kidney disease?

circumoral tingling of the nose, lips, and ears as this precedes tetant.

After administering IV magnesium sulfate to a patient with hypomagneser which assessment would the nurse perform to determine the effectiveness of the medication ?

deep tendon reflexes

of diagnoses documented in a patient's health record, which condition would the nurse attribute to the cause of the patients sodium level of 130 mEq/L?

heart failure

The primary health care provider prescribes IV administration of 100 mL of 20% glucose along with 20 units of insulin. Which condition would the nurse expect the patient to have?

hyperkalemia

A patient admitted to the hospital is agitated, with a heart rate of 166 beats/min. Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse suspect ?

hypernatremia

Positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs are consistent with which electrolyte imbalance?

hypocalcemia

Which additional electrolyte imbalance would the nurse monitor for in a patient who has hypomagnesemia?

hypocalcemia

electrolyte inbalance should be anticipated in a patient with hyperphatemia

hypokalemia -Phosphorus and calcium have an inverse or reciprocal relationship.

which classification of drugs would the nurse instruct a patient to increase intake of dietary potassium

loop diuretic -High-ceiling (loop) diuretics are potassium-depleting drugs. The client should increase intake of dietary potassium to compensate for this depletion.

When analysis of a patient's telemetry strip reveals a widened QRS complex with peaked T waves, which laboratory value would the nurse review before notifying the health care provider ?

potassium, because too much or hyperkalemia can cause cardiovascular changes.

Which Finding Is Common With Hypokalemia?

shallow respirations, weak, thready pulse, musculoskeletal weakness

Which electrolyte deficiency would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory data for a patient who presents with seizure activity, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and diarrhea?

sodium hyponatremia can cause mental status changes, including lethargy and commas well as seizure activity

which intervention would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for a patient with multiple fluid and electrolyte deficits secondary to a GI virus?

start an IV infusion of ringers lactate