Chapter 13: Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance (3)
The physician has prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride IV for a hospitalized client in metabolic alkalosis. Which nursing actions are required to manage this client? Select all that apply. pg. 285
- Maintain intake and output records. - Document presenting signs and symptoms. - Compare ABG findings with previous results.
A client is to receive hypotonic IV solution in order to provide free water replacement. Which solution does the nurse anticipate administering? pg. 261
0.45% NaCl
Which solution is hypotonic? pg. 261
0.45% NaCl
A client experiencing a severe anxiety attack and hyperventilating presents to the emergency department. The nurse would expect the client's pH value to be pg. 287
7.50
The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The physician has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG). What is one of the most important indications of an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG? pg. 283
Bicarbonate
The nurse is caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to the unit for a fluid volume imbalance. The nurse knows which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults? pg. 259
Dehydration
A nurse is caring for a client with metastatic breast cancer who is extremely lethargic and very slow to respond to stimuli. The laboratory report indicates a serum calcium level of 12.0 mg/dl, a serum potassium level of 3.9 mEq/L, a serum chloride level of 101 mEq/L, and a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L. Based on this information, the nurse determines that the client's symptoms are most likely associated with which electrolyte imbalance? pg. 275
Hypercalcemia
An elderly client takes 40 mg of furosemide twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use? pg. 285
Hypokalemia
Which could be a potential cause of respiratory acidosis? pg. 286
Hypoventilation
A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis? pg. 287
Light-headedness or paresthesia
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis. Which pair of organs is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation? pg. 284
Lungs and kidney
Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid? pg. 252
Potassium
A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings? pg. 287
Respiratory alkalosis
A client with hypervolemia asks the nurse by what mechanism the sodium-potassium pump will move the excess body fluid. What is the nurse's best answer? pg. 253
active transport
A nurse is providing client teaching about the body's plasma pH and the client asks the nurse what is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH. What is the best response by the nurse? pg. 284
bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
A client with emphysema is at a greater risk for developing which acid-base imbalance? pg. 286
chronic respiratory acidosis
A client with cancer is being treated on the oncology unit for bilateral breast cancer. The client is undergoing chemotherapy. The nurse notes the client's serum calcium concentration is 12.3 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). Given this laboratory finding, the nurse should suspect that the pg. 276
malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance.
A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse informs the client that the physician will order diuretic therapy and restrict fluid and sodium intake to treat the disorder. If the client doesn't comply with the recommended treatment, which complication may arise? pg. 265
Cerebral edema
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate? pg. 287
Respiratory alkalosis
The nurse is caring for a client with a serum potassium concentration of 6.0 mEq/L (6.0 mmol/L) and a fluid volume excess. The client is ordered to receive oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate and furosemide. What other order should the nurse anticipate giving? pg. 261
Discontinue the intravenous lactated Ringer solution.
