Chapter 13 Government Test

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In order to safe guard against corruption and ensure impartiality, federal judges are

Appointed for life terms

Heard cases in which one person or group thinks that another should pay for causing harm

Civil trial court

The party that responds to charges brought by a plaintiff or a prosecutor

Defendant

New evidence and witnesses may be presented in an appeals court.

False

The legal principle of stare decisis means that courts often challenge precedent in their decision

False

appeals are possible only in the event of violations of procedural due process

False

Court system in which the judge plays an active rule in gathering and presenting evidence

Inquisitorial

Democratic principle preserve through the exercise of judicial review

Limited government

Where court martials take place

Military courts

What trial courts have over criminal and civil cases

Original jurisdiction

The US Supreme Court ruling in Texas v Johnson has served as

Precedent

Violation of this is caused for appeal

Procedural due process

State courts are entitled to hear cases involving

State and federal laws only

What federal courts generally deal with

Statutes

Court cases must go through trial courts before they can go to appeals court.

True

Majority and concurrent opinions agree on the decision in an appellate court case but disagree on the reason for the decision

True

The body that decides appeals of lower appellate court decisions

U.S. Supreme Court

Which court has the power to over rule the decision of a federal appeals court?

US supreme court

for an appeal to have strength and validity, the error of law in the trial court must have

affected the outcome of the trial

A successful appeal will most likely

align with precedent

what courts need in order to hear an appeals case

appellate jurisdiction

Federal judges are

appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate

Many people accused of crimes settle criminal cases through plea bargains to

be sentenced for a lesser crime

State judges are selected by

both election and appointment

How does stare decisis most strengthen the nation's legal system?

by adding stability and predictability

The power of judicial review serves to

check on the executive and legislative branches

Justices in an appellate court who agree with the ruling opinion but disagree with the reasons for the opinion may

contribute a concurrent opinion

Who most benefits from public defenders?

defendants who cannot afford their own counsel

A successful appeals case must

demonstrate a significant error of law or violation of due process

a justifiable cause to appeal a verdict

error of law

if the trial court judge instructs the jury incorrectly, then the defendant may appeal the verdict based on

error of law

When deciding an appeals case, justices must

follow precedents established by higher courts

What state courts have

general jurisdiction

Jurisdiction is determined by

geography, parties, and type of laws involved

The judicial branch promotes the rule of law by using judicial review to

hold government accountable to the laws.

What are juries intended to contribute to trial courts?

impartiality

The type of power held by federal courts

limited jurisdiction

What federal courts have

limited jurisdiction

trial courts can be found at

local, state, and federal levels

The decision of the court in an appellate case

majority opinion

where cases involving city ordinances are decided

municipal courts

Which judges may be selected by popular vote, legislative vote, or appointment?

only state court judges

Juries are important in part because they enable citizens to

participate in the court process

How federal judges are selected

presidential appointment

the government, when it initiates a criminal case

prosecutor

The final clause in the Sixth Amendment has been used to justify the provision of which of the following?

public defenders

What the judicial branch interprets to promote the rule of law

questions of law

where tribal courts operate

reservations

Which courts can hear cases involving federal laws?

state and federal courts only

Family law, juvenile law, probate law, and traffic law all fall under the jurisdiction of

state courts

where most legal cases are decided

state courts

Criminal courts resolve cases between

state prosecutors and defendants.

Federal courts can decide questions of state law if

the case involves parties in different states

Why must the judicial branch be an independent branch of government?

to keep judges fair and impartial

Where cases on reservations are decided

tribal courts

Justices on an appeals court,including the U.S. Supreme Court, who disagree with the majority ruling can

write a dissenting opinion

Type of court system accused of being more about achieving victory than finding the truth

Adversarial


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