Chapter 13 Government Test
In order to safe guard against corruption and ensure impartiality, federal judges are
Appointed for life terms
Heard cases in which one person or group thinks that another should pay for causing harm
Civil trial court
The party that responds to charges brought by a plaintiff or a prosecutor
Defendant
New evidence and witnesses may be presented in an appeals court.
False
The legal principle of stare decisis means that courts often challenge precedent in their decision
False
appeals are possible only in the event of violations of procedural due process
False
Court system in which the judge plays an active rule in gathering and presenting evidence
Inquisitorial
Democratic principle preserve through the exercise of judicial review
Limited government
Where court martials take place
Military courts
What trial courts have over criminal and civil cases
Original jurisdiction
The US Supreme Court ruling in Texas v Johnson has served as
Precedent
Violation of this is caused for appeal
Procedural due process
State courts are entitled to hear cases involving
State and federal laws only
What federal courts generally deal with
Statutes
Court cases must go through trial courts before they can go to appeals court.
True
Majority and concurrent opinions agree on the decision in an appellate court case but disagree on the reason for the decision
True
The body that decides appeals of lower appellate court decisions
U.S. Supreme Court
Which court has the power to over rule the decision of a federal appeals court?
US supreme court
for an appeal to have strength and validity, the error of law in the trial court must have
affected the outcome of the trial
A successful appeal will most likely
align with precedent
what courts need in order to hear an appeals case
appellate jurisdiction
Federal judges are
appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate
Many people accused of crimes settle criminal cases through plea bargains to
be sentenced for a lesser crime
State judges are selected by
both election and appointment
How does stare decisis most strengthen the nation's legal system?
by adding stability and predictability
The power of judicial review serves to
check on the executive and legislative branches
Justices in an appellate court who agree with the ruling opinion but disagree with the reasons for the opinion may
contribute a concurrent opinion
Who most benefits from public defenders?
defendants who cannot afford their own counsel
A successful appeals case must
demonstrate a significant error of law or violation of due process
a justifiable cause to appeal a verdict
error of law
if the trial court judge instructs the jury incorrectly, then the defendant may appeal the verdict based on
error of law
When deciding an appeals case, justices must
follow precedents established by higher courts
What state courts have
general jurisdiction
Jurisdiction is determined by
geography, parties, and type of laws involved
The judicial branch promotes the rule of law by using judicial review to
hold government accountable to the laws.
What are juries intended to contribute to trial courts?
impartiality
The type of power held by federal courts
limited jurisdiction
What federal courts have
limited jurisdiction
trial courts can be found at
local, state, and federal levels
The decision of the court in an appellate case
majority opinion
where cases involving city ordinances are decided
municipal courts
Which judges may be selected by popular vote, legislative vote, or appointment?
only state court judges
Juries are important in part because they enable citizens to
participate in the court process
How federal judges are selected
presidential appointment
the government, when it initiates a criminal case
prosecutor
The final clause in the Sixth Amendment has been used to justify the provision of which of the following?
public defenders
What the judicial branch interprets to promote the rule of law
questions of law
where tribal courts operate
reservations
Which courts can hear cases involving federal laws?
state and federal courts only
Family law, juvenile law, probate law, and traffic law all fall under the jurisdiction of
state courts
where most legal cases are decided
state courts
Criminal courts resolve cases between
state prosecutors and defendants.
Federal courts can decide questions of state law if
the case involves parties in different states
Why must the judicial branch be an independent branch of government?
to keep judges fair and impartial
Where cases on reservations are decided
tribal courts
Justices on an appeals court,including the U.S. Supreme Court, who disagree with the majority ruling can
write a dissenting opinion
Type of court system accused of being more about achieving victory than finding the truth
Adversarial