Chapter 13

When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a of reinforcement

Continuous schedule

Breaking down tasks to their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person performs few tasks in a repetitive manner is called

Job Specialization

Which technique gives workers more control over how they perform their job?

Job enrichment

Maslow's theory of motivation suggest employees needs are

Ordered

Maslo's theory of motivation is criticized because

Research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior

Interactional justice is understood to be

The degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity in interpersonal interactions

The perception labeled "expectancy" is a result of asking oneself:

Will my effort lead to high performance?

Norene is being considered for a managerial position at a prestigious firm. She completes a Thematic Apperception Test as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that individuals high in need for

achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates

Individuals who want to be liked and accepted by others, and when given a choice, prefer to interact with others and be with friends have a high need for

affiliation

A criticism of Herzberg's theory of motivation is

all the above

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors include

company policies.

Three types of fairness theories include

distributive justice.

Job crafting allows the ___________ to make changes to the job description.

employee

Individuals who expect yearly wage increases without exhibiting increased performance may be labeled

entitleds

Which element of job performance relates to having the resources needed to do the job?

environment

Researchers identified a personality trait that explains different reactions to inequity and named this

equity sensitivity.

Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's

esteem needs

Job enlargement involves

expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety.

Jake wonders if his late nights at the office over the past year have boosted his overall performance. This is an example of which aspect of expectancy theory

expectancy

Research on equity theory suggests those who

feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.

The purpose of employee feedback is to

help employees gain the freedom to decide how to perform tasks.

Lidia works as the administrative assistant for a busy real estate team. She schedules client appointments, and resolves many routine client questions or issues, although confidential matters are handled by individual agents. In addition, Lidia maintains the website for the entire team, and is responsible for its social media presence. Lidia's job can be described as

high in task significance.

The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is

human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.

An example of extinction is

ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.

When conducting a performance review, begin with

instances of positive performance

What technique gives workers more control over how they perform their job?

job enrichment

Job performance is viewed as a function of three factors:

motivation, ability, and environment.

The implication of the ERG theory is that we need to recognize

multiple needs may be driving an individual at a given point.

Maslow's theory of motivation suggests employee needs are

ordered

Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's

physiological and safety needs.

Those who want to influence others and control their environment have a high need for

power

One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to

pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.

The theory based on the work of Pavlov in behavior conditioning, and the later work of Skinner on operant conditioning is

reinforcement theory

Daisha designs merchandise displays for a high-end department store. She often works late to make her displays especially creative and unusual because she enjoys the comments from shoppers. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Daisha's job performance satisfies what need?

self-esteem

In the job characteristics model, whether a person's job substantially affects other people's work, health, or well-being is referred to as

task significance.

In considering workplace distributive justice, it is accurate to note that

High levels of justice create higher levels of organizational citizenship behaviors

Which item is a motivator in Herzberg's theory of motivation?

recognition

What scenario best demonstrates Steven Kerr's observation "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B"?

A manager who orders the release of manufactured parts with known defects to meet a deadline in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment is rewarded

How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs?

Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

Which statement best describes Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?

Five core job characteristics lead to three psychological states which lead to work-related outcomes.

Providing a reward after a special period of time, such as a sales bonus once a month, is what schedule of reinforcement?

Fixed Interval

According to Maslow, physiological needs may be satisfied by

Food

The perception labeled "instrumentality" is a result of asking oneself:

Will my performance lead to desired outcomes?

To influence instrumentality, managers can

consistently reward high performers.