chapter 13

______ are infectious diseases caused by pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses

STIs

what is the following?

A bacterial infection that primarily affects the reproductive system, rectum, and throat Causes mild or no symptoms in many people Burning or itching of the genitals Can cause infertility or death if not treated Antibiotics can successfully treat and cure it Some strains are antibiotic resistant

A person who tests HIV-positive is infected with HIV, but does not necessarily have __________

AIDS

how can STIs be prevented?

Abstinence - not having sex Using refusal skills for sex, drugs, and alcohol use can help people manage risky situations Proper use of a latex condom HPV vaccine - only prevents some strains of HPV

__________________________is an often fatal disease in which the body's immune system can no longer fight off infections and diseases

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Two important laws protect the rights of HIV-positive people, what are they?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 Rehabilitation Act of 1973

what are signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

Early symptoms resemble a flu-like illness with fatigue and swollen lymph nodes When the virus weakens the immune system, opportunistic infections occur-Worldwide, about 1 in 4 people with AIDS die from tuberculosis. HIV/AIDS develops differently and at different rates for all affected people

whats asymptomatic

Exhibiting (showing) no recognizable signs or symptoms

___________ ______ ______ ____ infects and kills cells, weakening the body's immune system

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

what are the signs and stages of syphilis

In primary syphilis, a chancre (painless sore) develops at the site of the infection. In secondary syphilis, a red or copper-color rash appears, mainly on the palms and soles In late-stage syphilis, there is damage to the brain in the form of dementia, paralysis, and fatal damage to the heart, liver, and blood vessels.

Cancer in the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils often detected through tests that examine the mouth and throat

Oropharyngeal cancer

The ________ is normally used to screen for cervical cancer

Pap test

what are the following? Community resources Doctors Public health departments - Ossipee teen clinic - Planned parenthood in Laconia Counseling services Support groups

STI resources

_____ can damage the reproductive organs, brain, heart, liver, and other internal organs

STIs

what does the HIV test do

The HIV test examines a blood sample for the presence of antibodies to the virus

how can HIV be transmitted?

Through sex Through breast milk In blood found in contaminated needles used for drugs, tattoos, or body piercings Through open sores on the skin

what are three critical components of effective STI treatment

Treatment from a doctor must begin as soon as possible All sexual partners of the infected individual must be notified, tested, and treated An infected person must abstain from sexual activity until a doctor determines that the disease is cure or no longer able to be transmitted

whats an opportunistic infection?

an infection that occurs because another infection has already weakened the immune system

The cornerstone of HIV/AIDS treatment is _______

antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Some ______ STIs are treatable, even curable, with antibiotics

bacterial

how are STIs spread?

by sexual activity with an infected partner vaginal oral anal

what is the following? Mostly asymptomatic Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease if not treated Diagnosed with a urine test or with a sample swabbed from an infected site Treated and cured with antibiotics

chlamydia

true or false It is not possible for a person with certain oral STIs to transmit the infection by kissing

false

true or false The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal law that does not requires confidentiality for HIV test results

false it does

what is the following? (HSV) type 1 causes cold sores on the mouth and lips HSV type 2 causes genital infections (blisters) Can be passed from mouth/lips to genitals No cure exists for herpes Antivirals can control the frequency and severity of outbreaks

genital herpes

can STIs be spread through causal contact?

no

what is abstinence

not having sex

People with HIV/AIDS cannot be denied jobs, benefits, education, services, or other rights

ok

Sexually active people should be tested every year and every time they switch partners

ok

A home version of the HIV test is available

ok but probs isn't very accurate

condoms latex Polyurethane - more likely to break Lambskin - more porous so viruses can get through Polyisoprene - effective but difficult to find

okay

what is the following? An infection of the fallopian tubes and the pelvic cavity Can be caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea Can cause infertility or lead to ectopic pregnancy; A life-threatening condition in which a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

pelvic inflammatory disease

what is the following? A bacterial infection that causes a sore, rash, and internal infection depending on the stage Antibiotics can cure syphilis in its primary and secondary stages The organ damage caused by late-stage syphilis cannot be reversed

syphilis

what is the following? Caused by a protozoan Easily cured with prescription drugs Most infected men experience no symptoms Women, infected may experience burning or itching of the vagina but is usually asymptomatic

trichomoniasis

true or false Treatment for aids, ART consists of a mixture of three drugs, sometimes called a cocktail of drugs. The aim of ART is to reduce the number of viruses in the body so that the immune system remains strong

true

true or false AIDS can develop later, perhaps many years after HIV infection.

true

true or false Asymptomatic people with STIs can transmit the disease to others

true

true or false Engaging in sexual activity one time with just one infected partner is all it takes to contract an STI

true

true or false it can take months for the HIV antibodies to develop

true

true or false If a test is positive, healthcare providers must report the results to the state

true The results are reported with no identifying personal information

_______ infections can be controlled with antiviral medications but they cannot be cured!

viral