Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

Facial

Select the statement that is most correct. A.) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers B.) Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons C.) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord D.) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure

Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

Correct Definition? A.) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face B.)Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body C.) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation D.) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures

Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face

A patient has an injury of the spine and is not suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm, however, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at

The ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

Vestibulocochlear

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

accessory

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

afferent nerves

In a crosses-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would

extend

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the

femoral

inborn of intrinsic reflexes are

involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

Tactile sensation is a combination of touch, pressure, stretch and vibration. Which is most likely the receptor type that senses tactile stimulation?

mechanoreceptors

Some large arteries that are proximal to the heart are sensitive to the stretch of the blood vessels. This stretch indicates the blood's pressure. Which of the following pairs of classifications below best fit the receptor type that is being described above?

mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

median

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous

musculocutaneous

If someone spills very hot coffee (200 0F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

nociceptors

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?

olfactory

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

olfactory

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. This patient may have damage to which of the following?

olfactory nerve (I)

Which nerve does not arise from the brachial plexus?

phrenic

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

pressure receptors

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles. These sensations create awareness of our body's positioning. The following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability.

proprioceptors

Which is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order):

roots, trunks, divisions, and cords

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the

sacral plexus

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

sciatica

A bit of dust blows into and touches the cornea of the eye. Which is likely to happen?

stimulation of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V) will cause blinking

Transduction refers to conversion of

stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential

A person picks up a heavy suitcase in order to estimate its weight and reflexively drops it. Which of the following receptors has initiated this reflex?

tendon organ

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a ________.

tendon reflex

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

thalamus

As a cook chops red onions he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland. Which of the following nerves provided the stimulus?

the facial nerve (VII)

An emergency medical technician is examining a trauma victim by shining a pen light into her patient's eye. She records the reactivity of the patents pupils as they constrict when stimulated by the light. This test supports which of the following?

the patient has function of the oculomotor nerve (III)

Injury to cervical vertebra C3-C4 is particularly problematic because ________.

the phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fibers from here

A patient has lost vision on the left side of both eyes. The patient has likely suffered damage to ________.

the right optic tract

A doctor asks her patient to follow the motion of her finger as she moves it up and down, left and right. Which cranial nerve is not being tested?

the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot, is served by the _____ nerve

tibial

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

ulnar nerve

Which is the best explanation of how a stimulus strength is transmitted to the central nervous system from sensory nerves?

Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus' strength increases

Bill is a mechanic that works with vibrating tools. He also exerts force on his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws. Bill has a tingling sensation in the lateral portion of his hand. The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following test might the doctor try on her patient?

Have Bill grip an object with his thumb and index finger and try to pull the object away

Complicated interlacing of the ventral rami form networks called nerve plexus. The crisscrossing of the nerve fibers from the various spinal nerves is advantageous because ________.

Injury to any single spinal nerve will be less damaging as there is less chance of total loss of innervation to any particular organ

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

Lamellar corpuscles

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Schwann cells

Which is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation?

The stimulus energy may be converted into the energy of a graded potential called a transduction potential

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

a complete loss of voluntary movement

Bell's palsy is

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

common fibular and tibial