Chapter 13: Psych

Which of the following is true of implicit racism?

It must be measured with a method that does not require a person's awareness

____________ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of an individual in authority.

Obedience

Affectionate love is also called ___________ love

companionate

In the context of close relationships, _________________ best explains why people are attracted to others who are similar to them.

consensual validation

Mia likes Rodrigo because they share similar interests. They both like reading, watching documentaries and listening to classical music. In this case, Mia's attraction toward Rodrigo is best explained by the concept of...

consensual validation

Gregory is asked to perform a series of difficult and embarrasing tasks as initiation rites to a secret fraternity in his univeristy. As a result oof enduring these tasks, he is extremly loyal toward the fraternity. This strong group loyalty that Gregory feels us best explained by the concept of...

effort justification

____________ means coming up with a rationale for the amount of work a person puts into getting something, typically by increasing the value associated with things that are difficult to attain

effort justification

In the context of social behavior, ____________ is a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another

empathy

Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to __________ causes.

external

Jon Dollard's frustration-aggression hypothesis states that...

frustration always leads to aggression

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups...

give people anonymity

In the context of social psychological research, which of the following variables do social psychologists manipulate to draw casual conclusions about its effects on some outcome?

independent variable

Unlike cognitive dissonance theory, self perception theory states that...

individuals make inferences about their attitudes by observing their behavior

According to the elaboration likelihood model, the ________ route involves factors such as the source's attractiveness or the emotional power of an appeal

peripheral

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink

pressure for uniformity

The weapons effect is best explained by the concept of

priming

Madison and her friends have never been on a rollercoaster because they are afraid. On a school trip to Disney World, however they decide that if they get on the rollercoaster together, they will not be afraid. In the context of group decision making, their behavior best demonstrates

risky shift

A bicyclist claims that bicycle racing times would be faster if individuals raced in groups, because the knowledge of being in a group produces more energy to perform better. The bicyclist's claim is based on the concept of...

social facilitation

Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of _____.

social loafing

Which of the following behaviors is an example of aggression?

-Hillary calls Minnie a bad name -Billy kicks Shana in the shin -Sally shouts at Franco -all of these

• Zephyr is Nadia's favorite clothing brand. Recently, Zephyr was involved in a scandal for using child labor. Despite knowing about the scandal, Nadia continues to shop at Zephyr. This makes her feel uneasy and she is against child labor. In this scenario Nadia's feeling of uneasiness Is best explained by the concept of...

cognitive dissonance

Identify a feature of social psychology.

it is connected to real life events

Identify a true statement about sociology

it is interested in human social behavior on the group level

The processes by which individuals use social stimuli to form impressions of others are referred to as...

person perception

Within psychology, social psychology is most closely aligned with...

personality psychology

______________ is the personality trait ost strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.

Agreeableness

Which of the following is proposed by self perception theory?

Behavior can change and influence the attitude of a person

Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive dissonance theory and self perception theory?

Both theories suggest that behavior can change attitudes

Which of the following statements is true of the biological factors associated with prosocial behavior

Dopamine receptors in the brain are associated with prosocial behavior

_________ refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony

Groupthink

Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex

Which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift?

It is the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members

Which of the following statements best defines social contagion?

It refers to imitative behavior involving the spread of actions, emotions and ideas

Which of the following experiments demonstrated the profound effect of obedience?

Milgram's experiment

Which of the following statements about attraction between people is true?

People tend to shy away from the unknown, which is why similarity facilitates attraction

_____________ of close relationships examines the ways that commitment, contribution, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships

The investment model

According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death

a chronically lonely person

Kylie knows that excessive drinking can adversely affect her health. Every time she engages in binge drinking, she tells herself that all her friends who binge drink seem healthy. In this scenario, Kylie is attempting to reduce

cognitive dissonance

Samuel walks up to Katie and asks if she would be willing to wear a ribbon to show support for his cause. Though the ribbon is unattractive, it is small, so Katie agrees to wear it. Once Katie has agreed to this request, Samuel asks her if she would be willing to make a donation of $15 to his cause. Katie cannot refuse because she keels that Samuel is relying on her. In the context of persuasion, this scenario best demonstrates the _____________ technique

foot-in-the-door

Jospeh does exceptionally well in his math exam. Which of the following represents an internal attribution as an explanation for Joseph's good performance

his hard work

_____________ have been linked to aggressive behavior

lower levels of serotonin

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than using her skills to excel, she tends to hide her intellectual abilities to act more like the students she is friends with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. In the context of the key aspects of social influence, which of the following perspectives explains Joyce's behavior most accurately?

normative social influence

According to Darley and Latane's five steps to helping in an emergency, the actor must first...

notice the event

Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her grade. Caroline is expecting

reciprocity

Paula is considered very attractive and receives differential treatment form others. This special treatment helps her develop enhanced social skills and become more self confident than others. Which of the following is exemplified in this case?

self fulfilling prophecy

If Cathy blames her history teacher to her poor performance on a history test, she is most likely engaging in...

self serving bias

Jasmine believes that she is a poor basketball player, yet she plays with her friends whenever they ask her. Jasmine claims that when she is with her friends she feels like a different person and can play much better than when she practices on her own. Jasmine's change in ability when she is with her friends can best be attributed to the group influence phenomenon known as _______.

social facilitation

Six people are competing in a tug-of-war competition. First, they compete as individuals, and then they compete as a team. It is observed that when they are competing as a team their combined effort level is less than the sum of their individual efforts. In the context of group influence, this reduction in effort when competing as a team is most likely due to the effect of...

social loafing

Jeremy, a psychologist is writing a research paper on how overt racism is replaced by subtle forms of racial microaggression. In this case, Jeremy's research paper is most likely to be published in the field of...

social psychology

Which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion

the central route is effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention, while the peripheral route is not

The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to place a big, unattractive election sign on their lawns. Assuming that most people will refuse at first, the advertising committee is prepared to ask them to place a small sign on their lawns instead, which is the actual plan. Which strategy for successful persuasion is the advertising committee using in this scenario?

the door in the face strategy

Whic of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group

the minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure

Kaylee is in her car at a traffic light waiting for the light to turn green. Just as it does, a man driving a red truck goes speeding past Kaylee and just about misses crashing into her car. Kaylee abuses him and thinks to herself that his license should be revoked. What Kaylee does not know is that the truck's breaks have failed. In this scenario, Kaylee is demonstrating ______ while attempting to explain the man's behavior.

the fundamental attribution error

Twelve year old Ryan's father returns from work tired. Ryan wants his father to take him to his favorite movie, which starts in an hour. Which route of persuasion should Ryan attempt to obtain the highest rate of success?

the peripheral route

Rob and Deena are strong supporters of the football team the Dallas Cowboys. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by the performance of the Cowboys. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario in the context of intergroup relations?

the social identity theory

From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long term relationships are most likely to continue when

there are few tempting alternatives for the partners

Unlike personality osychologists, social psychologists typicalt focus on...

the situtational factors that lead to behavior

In a study by Patricia Devine and her colleagues on reducing implicit prejudice, which of the following was included in the training to introduce new habits of the mind?

urging participants to seek out contact with members of the out-group

____________ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects and ideas how they feel about the world.

Attitudes

______________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group.

Prejudice

__________________ the tendency of people to attend to and remember what they learned first.

Primacy effect

In the context of group decision making, which of the following actions is most likely to prevent groupthink?

avoiding isolation of the group

According to Gordon Allport, intergroup contact is likely to reduce prejudice when group members

believe friendships can emerge from interaction

In the context of social identity, thinking that cultural out-groups are not only different but also worse than one's own group is called

ethnocentrism

Mary is a very shy young women. She wants to buy a dress to wear at a friends wedding. Mary tries on many dresses but does not buy any of them because she feels that they all will make her attract too much attention from the opposite sex. In this scenario, Mary is giving into the feeling of...

self objectification

Sally is very intelligent and has a great personality. However, she has always seen herself as unattractive and, as a result, is often depressed. Sally's depression is most likely facilitated by feelings of...

self objectification

Freddy and his girlfriend fight often. As a result he is stressed out most of the time and laments about his relationship with his friends. He realizes that the relationship makes him unhappy and that he no longer likes his girlfriend. He decides to break up with his girlfriend. Which of the following theories best explains the connection between Freddy's attitude and his behavior in this scenario?

self perception theory