Chapter 13: Psych
Which of the following is true of implicit racism?
It must be measured with a method that does not require a person's awareness
____________ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of an individual in authority.
Obedience
Affectionate love is also called ___________ love
companionate
In the context of close relationships, _________________ best explains why people are attracted to others who are similar to them.
consensual validation
Mia likes Rodrigo because they share similar interests. They both like reading, watching documentaries and listening to classical music. In this case, Mia's attraction toward Rodrigo is best explained by the concept of...
consensual validation
Gregory is asked to perform a series of difficult and embarrasing tasks as initiation rites to a secret fraternity in his univeristy. As a result oof enduring these tasks, he is extremly loyal toward the fraternity. This strong group loyalty that Gregory feels us best explained by the concept of...
effort justification
____________ means coming up with a rationale for the amount of work a person puts into getting something, typically by increasing the value associated with things that are difficult to attain
effort justification
In the context of social behavior, ____________ is a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another
empathy
Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to __________ causes.
external
Jon Dollard's frustration-aggression hypothesis states that...
frustration always leads to aggression
One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups...
give people anonymity
In the context of social psychological research, which of the following variables do social psychologists manipulate to draw casual conclusions about its effects on some outcome?
independent variable
Unlike cognitive dissonance theory, self perception theory states that...
individuals make inferences about their attitudes by observing their behavior
According to the elaboration likelihood model, the ________ route involves factors such as the source's attractiveness or the emotional power of an appeal
peripheral
In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink
pressure for uniformity
The weapons effect is best explained by the concept of
priming
Madison and her friends have never been on a rollercoaster because they are afraid. On a school trip to Disney World, however they decide that if they get on the rollercoaster together, they will not be afraid. In the context of group decision making, their behavior best demonstrates
risky shift
A bicyclist claims that bicycle racing times would be faster if individuals raced in groups, because the knowledge of being in a group produces more energy to perform better. The bicyclist's claim is based on the concept of...
social facilitation
Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of _____.
social loafing
Which of the following behaviors is an example of aggression?
-Hillary calls Minnie a bad name -Billy kicks Shana in the shin -Sally shouts at Franco -all of these
• Zephyr is Nadia's favorite clothing brand. Recently, Zephyr was involved in a scandal for using child labor. Despite knowing about the scandal, Nadia continues to shop at Zephyr. This makes her feel uneasy and she is against child labor. In this scenario Nadia's feeling of uneasiness Is best explained by the concept of...
cognitive dissonance
Identify a feature of social psychology.
it is connected to real life events
Identify a true statement about sociology
it is interested in human social behavior on the group level
The processes by which individuals use social stimuli to form impressions of others are referred to as...
person perception
Within psychology, social psychology is most closely aligned with...
personality psychology
______________ is the personality trait ost strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.
Agreeableness
Which of the following is proposed by self perception theory?
Behavior can change and influence the attitude of a person
Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive dissonance theory and self perception theory?
Both theories suggest that behavior can change attitudes
Which of the following statements is true of the biological factors associated with prosocial behavior
Dopamine receptors in the brain are associated with prosocial behavior
_________ refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony
Groupthink
Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?
It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex
Which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift?
It is the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members
Which of the following statements best defines social contagion?
It refers to imitative behavior involving the spread of actions, emotions and ideas
Which of the following experiments demonstrated the profound effect of obedience?
Milgram's experiment
Which of the following statements about attraction between people is true?
People tend to shy away from the unknown, which is why similarity facilitates attraction
_____________ of close relationships examines the ways that commitment, contribution, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships
The investment model
According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death
a chronically lonely person
Kylie knows that excessive drinking can adversely affect her health. Every time she engages in binge drinking, she tells herself that all her friends who binge drink seem healthy. In this scenario, Kylie is attempting to reduce
cognitive dissonance
Samuel walks up to Katie and asks if she would be willing to wear a ribbon to show support for his cause. Though the ribbon is unattractive, it is small, so Katie agrees to wear it. Once Katie has agreed to this request, Samuel asks her if she would be willing to make a donation of $15 to his cause. Katie cannot refuse because she keels that Samuel is relying on her. In the context of persuasion, this scenario best demonstrates the _____________ technique
foot-in-the-door
Jospeh does exceptionally well in his math exam. Which of the following represents an internal attribution as an explanation for Joseph's good performance
his hard work
_____________ have been linked to aggressive behavior
lower levels of serotonin
Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than using her skills to excel, she tends to hide her intellectual abilities to act more like the students she is friends with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. In the context of the key aspects of social influence, which of the following perspectives explains Joyce's behavior most accurately?
normative social influence
According to Darley and Latane's five steps to helping in an emergency, the actor must first...
notice the event
Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her grade. Caroline is expecting
reciprocity
Paula is considered very attractive and receives differential treatment form others. This special treatment helps her develop enhanced social skills and become more self confident than others. Which of the following is exemplified in this case?
self fulfilling prophecy
If Cathy blames her history teacher to her poor performance on a history test, she is most likely engaging in...
self serving bias
Jasmine believes that she is a poor basketball player, yet she plays with her friends whenever they ask her. Jasmine claims that when she is with her friends she feels like a different person and can play much better than when she practices on her own. Jasmine's change in ability when she is with her friends can best be attributed to the group influence phenomenon known as _______.
social facilitation
Six people are competing in a tug-of-war competition. First, they compete as individuals, and then they compete as a team. It is observed that when they are competing as a team their combined effort level is less than the sum of their individual efforts. In the context of group influence, this reduction in effort when competing as a team is most likely due to the effect of...
social loafing
Jeremy, a psychologist is writing a research paper on how overt racism is replaced by subtle forms of racial microaggression. In this case, Jeremy's research paper is most likely to be published in the field of...
social psychology
Which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion
the central route is effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention, while the peripheral route is not
The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to place a big, unattractive election sign on their lawns. Assuming that most people will refuse at first, the advertising committee is prepared to ask them to place a small sign on their lawns instead, which is the actual plan. Which strategy for successful persuasion is the advertising committee using in this scenario?
the door in the face strategy
Whic of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group
the minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure
Kaylee is in her car at a traffic light waiting for the light to turn green. Just as it does, a man driving a red truck goes speeding past Kaylee and just about misses crashing into her car. Kaylee abuses him and thinks to herself that his license should be revoked. What Kaylee does not know is that the truck's breaks have failed. In this scenario, Kaylee is demonstrating ______ while attempting to explain the man's behavior.
the fundamental attribution error
Twelve year old Ryan's father returns from work tired. Ryan wants his father to take him to his favorite movie, which starts in an hour. Which route of persuasion should Ryan attempt to obtain the highest rate of success?
the peripheral route
Rob and Deena are strong supporters of the football team the Dallas Cowboys. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by the performance of the Cowboys. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario in the context of intergroup relations?
the social identity theory
From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long term relationships are most likely to continue when
there are few tempting alternatives for the partners
Unlike personality osychologists, social psychologists typicalt focus on...
the situtational factors that lead to behavior
In a study by Patricia Devine and her colleagues on reducing implicit prejudice, which of the following was included in the training to introduce new habits of the mind?
urging participants to seek out contact with members of the out-group
____________ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects and ideas how they feel about the world.
Attitudes
______________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group.
Prejudice
__________________ the tendency of people to attend to and remember what they learned first.
Primacy effect
In the context of group decision making, which of the following actions is most likely to prevent groupthink?
avoiding isolation of the group
According to Gordon Allport, intergroup contact is likely to reduce prejudice when group members
believe friendships can emerge from interaction
In the context of social identity, thinking that cultural out-groups are not only different but also worse than one's own group is called
ethnocentrism
Mary is a very shy young women. She wants to buy a dress to wear at a friends wedding. Mary tries on many dresses but does not buy any of them because she feels that they all will make her attract too much attention from the opposite sex. In this scenario, Mary is giving into the feeling of...
self objectification
Sally is very intelligent and has a great personality. However, she has always seen herself as unattractive and, as a result, is often depressed. Sally's depression is most likely facilitated by feelings of...
self objectification
Freddy and his girlfriend fight often. As a result he is stressed out most of the time and laments about his relationship with his friends. He realizes that the relationship makes him unhappy and that he no longer likes his girlfriend. He decides to break up with his girlfriend. Which of the following theories best explains the connection between Freddy's attitude and his behavior in this scenario?
self perception theory