Chapter 13

By the middle of the 9th century, what aristocratic family exerted exceptional influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian? Select one: a. Fujiwara b. Genshin c. Minamoto d. Yoritomo e. Taira

a. Fujiwara

Which of the following statements concerning the nature of the Korean society is most accurate? Select one: a. Because of the monopolization of all things Chinese by the tiny Korean elite, neither a merchant nor an artisan class developed in Korea. b. Like the Chinese, a wealthy merchant class arose in Korea, but according to Confucian dictates it never achieved high social status. c. Korean universities fought the trend toward Sinification by using Korean examination systems. d. Korean society followed the Chinese model of a strong scholar-gentry, a weak aristocracy, and a highly regarded though politically impotent peasantry. e. Like the Japanese during the same period, Korean society is typified by the rise of strong merchant and artisan classes.

a. Because of the monopolization of all things Chinese by the tiny Korean elite, neither a merchant nor an artisan class developed in Korea.

Which of the following cultural traits was NOT introduced into Vietnam from China following the Han conquest of 111 B.C.E.? Select one: a. Chinese reliance on the nuclear family b. Chinese military organization c. Chinese-style schools d. Chinese examination system and bureaucracy e. Chinese agricultural cropping techniques and irrigation technology

a. Chinese reliance on the nuclear family

Which of the following statements concerning the society and economy of the warlord or shogun era in Japanese history is most accurate? Select one: a. Despite political chaos, improvements in agricultural techniques and incentives led to occupation of previously uncultivated areas. b. The frequent combat of the warlord era suppressed the development of artisan or merchant classes in Japan. c. The farm economy continued to improve due to the introduction of the three field system from Europe. d. The peasantry were further reduced in status as the agricultural economy experienced rapid reductions in the acreage under production. e. Due to the incessant warfare, the Japanese economy was reduced to barbarism

a. Despite political chaos, improvements in agricultural techniques and incentives led to occupation of previously uncultivated areas.

Which of the following statements concerning the Korean bureaucracy under the influence of China is most accurate? Select one: a. Korea established a Confucian examination system on the Chinese model, but admission to the bureaucracy was determined almost exclusively by birth. b. Korean nobility did not welcome Chinese bureaucratic institutions and tried to introduce Korean models. c. With the establishment of the Confucian examination system, advancement within the civil service was determined almost exclusively by test scores. d. Korean absolutism depended more on a warrior elite than administrative sophistication, so a formal bureaucracy was never established. e. Although Korea emulated the Chinese bureaucratic structure, the satellite never created a Confucian examination system as a means of qualification.

a. Korea established a Confucian examination system on the Chinese model, but admission to the bureaucracy was determined almost exclusively by birth.

What was the military organization of the Heian government in Japan? Select one: a. Local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces. b. Formal military organization was abandoned by the emperor as a way to control the bushi. c. The emperor formalized the creation of a peasant-conscript army on the model of the Chinese. d. Buddhist monasteries depended on the bushi for protection. e. The emperor accepted the introduction of Chinese troops as the basis for the Japanese army.

a. Local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces.

In which of the following Japanese periods was Chinese cultural influence most significant? Select one: a. Taika b. Heian c. Tokugawa d. Nara e. Warlord

a. Taika

What were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate Chinese culture and political structure into Japanese society? Select one: a. Taika b. Yoritomo c. Onin d. Heian e. Gempei

a. Taika

Which of the following was a critical factor in the failure of the Chinese to conquer or assimilate the Vietnamese? Select one: a. The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers b. The widespread destruction of the Vietnamese elite c. The continued cultural impact of Indian culture in Southeast Asia, particularly among the Vietnamese d. The proximity of Vietnam to Chinese centers of power e. The failure of the Chinese to introduce Buddhism

a. The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers

The development of regional power bases in Japan among the warrior elites of the countryside corresponded to what events in China? Select one: a. The decline of the Tang dynasty b. The rise of the Tang dynasty c. The Mongol conquest of the southern Song d. The period of the Six Dynasties e. The conquest of Vietnam

a. The decline of the Tang dynasty

What was the political result of the Vietnamese drive to conquer regions south of the Red River basin? Select one: a. The division of the Vietnamese into two kingdoms with capitals at Hue and Hanoi b. Vietnamese domination of the South Pacific and the Philippines c. The defeat of the Vietnamese and the fragmentation of the kingdom into 300 small kingdoms ruled by a warrior elite d. The creation of a highly centralized kingdom with its capital at Hanoi e. The reconquest of the Red River valley by the Chinese during the Southern Song era

a. The division of the Vietnamese into two kingdoms with capitals at Hue and Hanoi

The victory of the Minamoto marks the beginning of what period in Japanese history? Select one: a. The feudal age b. The Fujiwara empire c. The Taika period d. The Tokugawa Shogunate e. The Onin wars

a. The feudal age

What was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in Japan? Select one: a. To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor b. To increase the power of the Buddhist monastic structure c. To destroy the Confucian scholar-gentry in favor of a military aristocracy d. The destruction of the traditional peasant-conscript army e. To decentralize the imperial government

a. To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor

Mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite were called Select one: a. samurai. b. Yoritomo. c. kata. d. bushi. e. Bakafu.

a. samurai.

What was the relationship between the Ashikaga Shogunate and the emperor? Select one: a. The Ashikaga shoguns unseated the emperor at Heian and took the imperial title for themselves. b. The Ashikaga shoguns fought the emperor at Kyoto who refused to recognize their authority. c. The Ashikaga shoguns swore fealty to the emperor at Kyoto and restored imperial authority. d. The emperor and the Ashikaga shoguns formed an alliance and worked together to defeat their enemies. e. The Ashikaga shoguns brought the imperial family to Kamakura in order to more closely control their activities.

b. The Ashikaga shoguns fought the emperor at Kyoto who refused to recognize their authority.

What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan? Select one: a. Daoism b. Buddhism c. Christianity d. Hinduism e. Islam

b. Buddhism

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship of the imperial court to the provincial military elite is most accurate? Select one: a. The imperial court worked with the military elite to fight the growing civil unrest that was due to an unhappy peasantry. b. In the absence of an imperial military force, law and order broke down, leading both the emperor and high officials to hire provincial lords and their military retainers. c. The provincial military elite was rapidly subjected to the aristocratic armies of the imperial court. d. The emperor created an alliance with the Chinese that permitted him to crush the regional military lords. e. The provincial military elite was kept in check by the continued development of the imperial peasant-conscript army.

b. In the absence of an imperial military force, law and order broke down, leading both the emperor and high officials to hire provincial lords and their military retainers.

Which of the following was NOT a difference between the Viet and Chinese cultures prior to their conquest by the Han emperors? Select one: a. Higher social status for Viet women b. Viet tendency to extended families and clan groups c. Village autonomy among the Viets d. Language e. Political institutions

b. Viet tendency to extended families and clan groups

Which of the following statements concerning the status of women during the era of the daimyos is most accurate? Select one: a. While the status of women among the artisan and merchant classes declined, the status of women among the warrior elite probably improved marginally. b. Women were excluded from inheritance and treated as defenseless appendages of their warrior fathers or husbands. c. Women often participated in martial training during the era of the warlords, thus improving their social status. d. The rise of the handicraft industry caused the status of women to decline throughout the period. e. Women's status among the elite certainly improved during the era of the warlords, as they gained rights to inheritance.

b. Women were excluded from inheritance and treated as defenseless appendages of their warrior fathers or husbands.

What Japanese ruling faction was destroyed by the full-scale civil war that raged from 1467 to 1477? Select one: a. the Yoshino b. the Ashikaga c. the Minamoto d. the Fujiwara e. the Kamakura

b. the Ashikaga

Which of the following statements concerning the nature of warfare among the bushi is most accurate? Select one: a. The introduction of gunpowder in the 11th century allowed the bushi to rely on cannon and rockets as their primary means of assault. b. The bushi made possible the building of conscript armies using new techniques of fighting obtained from the European kingdoms. c. Battles hinged on man-to-man duels of great champions typical of the heroic stage of warfare. d. The bushi depended on infantry tactics, equipping the samurai initially with long spears. e. Battles depended on the Japanese phalanx of mounted samurai and massed assaults predicated on the willingness of the retainers to sacrifice themselves for their leaders.

c. Battles hinged on man-to-man duels of great champions typical of the heroic stage of warfare.

What was the religious preference of the Korean elite? Select one: a. Islam b. Christianity c. Buddhism d. Confucianism e. Hindu

c. Buddhism

What was the political result of the wars that destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate? Select one: a. The rise of four large aristocratic states under powerful bushi b. Restored authority for the court aristocracy c. Division of Japan into 300 little states under the daimyos d. Restored authority for the emperor e. The China model seemed more relevant to the Japanese.

c. Division of Japan into 300 little states under the daimyos

What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan? Select one: a. Genji b. Hara-kiri c. Kami d. Hapu e. Heian

c. Kami

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Japanese government following the death of Yoritomo? Select one: a. The successors of Yoritomo seized the imperial throne in their own name and set off a civil war between the old imperial family at Nara and the new one in Kamakura. b. Power was rapidly dissipated after the emperor was officially deposed without a successor. c. Real power rested in the Hojo family, who manipulated the Minamoto shoguns, who in turn claimed to rule in the name of the emperor at Kyoto. d. Japanese unity was achieved and feudal rule was ended under the leadership of the shoguns. e. There was a two-tiered system of government with power resting with the restored emperor at Heian who commanded a body of aristocratic warriors associated with the bakufu at Kyoto.

c. Real power rested in the Hojo family, who manipulated the Minamoto shoguns, who in turn claimed to rule in the name of the emperor at Kyoto.

Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers? Select one: a. Chinese family organization b. The successful suppression of the peasantry c. The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system d. Chinese popular culture, such as cockfights e. A highly centralized administrative system manned by a powerful scholar-gentry

c. The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system

What was the immediate impact of the imperial move to Heian? Select one: a. Shintoism was formally suppressed following the marriage of the Empress Koken to a former monk. b. Buddhism ceased to play a major role in Japanese society. c. The aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the Buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government. d. The scholar-gentry was able to assert itself through the state's acceptance of a formal examination system modeled on the Chinese bureaucracy. e. The aristocrats gave up positions in the central government under pressure from the Buddhists.

c. The aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the Buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government.

The victory of the Minamoto in 1185 led to the creation of Select one: a. a new dynasty led by the first Minamoto emperor. b. the imperial government at Heian (Kyoto). c. the bakufu, or military government at Kamakura. d. the Tokugawa Shogunate. e. the Ashikaga Shogunate.

c. the bakufu, or military government at Kamakura.

In what year did the Japanese cease to send official embassies to the Chinese emperor? Select one: a. 722 b. 634 c. 1232 d. 838 e. 932

d. 838

By the 11th and 12th centuries, what was the status of the Japanese court aristocracy? Select one: a. The court aristocracy succeeded by the 11th century in setting aside the emperor in favor of regionalized government. b. The resuscitation of the emperor led to the destruction of the court aristocracy and the suppression of the regional warrior elite. c. They continued to dominate the imperial government and to depend on their alliance with the Buddhist monasteries. d. Aristocratic families at the court depended on alliances with the provincial warrior elite in order to exercise any power. e. The aristocracy increased in power due to the influence of the Taira and Minamoto families.

d. Aristocratic families at the court depended on alliances with the provincial warrior elite in order to exercise any power.

What government replaced the Kamakura regime in the early 14th century in Japan? Select one: a. Tokugawa Shogunate b. Bushido Shogunate c. Daimyo Empire d. Ashikaga Shogunate e. Onin Shogunate

d. Ashikaga Shogunate

Following the death of Yoritomo, what family dominated the military government of the bakufu at Kamakura? Select one: a. Fujiwara b. Minamoto c. Taira d. Hojo e. Yoshitsune

d. Hojo

What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in Japan? Select one: a. Peasants who were willing to be trained could become samurai. b. Although separated from the warriors by rigid class barriers, the peasantry achieved greater levels of personal freedom and economic prosperity. c. The creation of the samurai created a period of great social mobility in Japan during which people rapidly moved out of the peasantry and into the class of warriors. d. Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of serfs bound to the land they worked. e. The samurai were critical to the development of a free peasantry on which the warriors depended for supplies of food and arms.

d. Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of serfs bound to the land they worked.

What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in Korea? Select one: a. Khitan b. Choson c. Paekche d. Silla e. Kyoto

d. Silla

Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel? Select one: a. Ashikage Analects b. Romance of the Rose c. Essential of Salvation d. Tale of Genji e. Mirror of Lady Murasaki

d. Tale of Genji

Which of the following statements concerning the rise of a provincial military elite during the 10th century in Japan is NOT correct? Select one: a. A warrior code developed that stressed family honor and death rather than retreat or defeat. b. Provincial elite families often arose from local landowners, estate managers, or local state officials. c. The provincial elite came to control land and labor locally and to deny these resources to the imperial court. d. The rise of the provincial elite corresponded to the recovery of the imperial government and its overthrow of the aristocracy of the court. e. Within their little kingdoms, warrior leaders administered law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenue.

d. The rise of the provincial elite corresponded to the recovery of the imperial government and its overthrow of the aristocracy of the court.

In what year did the Han emperors conquer the first Korean kingdom of Choson? Select one: a. 476 C.E. b. 220 C.E. c. 500 C.E. d. 643 C.E. e. 109 B.C.E.

e. 109 B.C.E.

When did Chinese influence on Japan peak? Select one: a. 1st century B.C.E. b. 3rd century B.C.E. c. 5th and 6th centuries C.E. d. 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E. e. 7th and 8th centuries C.E.

e. 7th and 8th centuries C.E.

What group so threatened the security of the Japanese imperial court in the 8th century that the imperial family moved to Heian? Select one: a. The aristocracy b. The peasantry c. The scholar-gentry d. Nomadic invaders from Manchuria e. Buddhist monks

e. Buddhist monks

Between 1180 and 1185 the struggle between the two major provincial families, the Taira and the Minamoto, was decided in what wars? Select one: a. Tang b. Onin c. Koguryo d. Murasaki e. Gempei

e. Gempei

Which of the following lists gives the correct chronological sequence for the Korean dynasties? Select one: a. Silla, Yi, Mongol, Koryo b. Silla, Mongol, Koryo, Yi c. Silla, Yi, Koryo, Mongol d. Yi, Koryo, Mongol, Silla e. Silla, Koryo, Mongol, Yi

e. Silla, Koryo, Mongol, Yi

What appears to have been the primary concerns at the imperial Japanese court at Heian? Select one: a. Military exercise b. Commerce and trade c. Interpreting laws d. Science and technology e. Social interaction and status

e. Social interaction and status

What regions of Asia were most drawn to Chinese cultural and political models? Select one: a. Indianized peoples of Southeast Asia b. The island societies of the Pacific rim c. The nomadic societies in the North d. Western Islamic provinces e. The agrarian societies in the East and South

e. The agrarian societies in the East and South

How did the principles of warfare change under the daimyos? Select one: a. They introduced new military techniques and strategies learned from contacts with Islamic traders. b. The rise of gunpowder and cannon made the fortresses and castles of the warrior elite obsolete. c. Peasant forces were reduced in significance, as they were replaced by professional soldiers. d. Heroic combat between champions remained the rule, but the weapon of choice changed from the bow to the curved sword. e. Warfare based on spying, timely assaults, wise command, and organization of massive armies replaced heroic combat.

e. Warfare based on spying, timely assaults, wise command, and organization of massive armies replaced heroic combat.

During the period of the warring daimyos, what was the factor that led to a revival of Chinese influence on the cultural level? Select one: a. Chinese military technology b. Legalism c. Confucianism d. The strength of the merchant class e. Zen Buddhism

e. Zen Buddhism

Warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled from small fortresses in the countryside were called Select one: a. Gempei b. samurai. c. kata. d. seppuku. e. bushi.

e. bushi.

What title was given to the military leader of the bakufu at Kamakura? Select one: a. kiri b. sensei c. kata d. bakshi e. shogun

e. shogun