Chapter 14

Which adjective accurately describes Republican state governments in the Reconstruction South?

Ambition in goals

Why did the freedmen insist that they needed to receive grants of land?

As the only way to guarantee freedom

What triggered the 1873 depression in the United States?

Bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific Railroad

How did sharecropping develop as an agricultural system in the post-Civil War South?

By the way of strained, need-based negotiations between landlords and freedmen

Republicans in April 1866 successfully gathered two-thirds majorities to override President Johnson's vetoes and pass what act?

Civil rights act

Why did Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1875 after the bill had remained on Capitol Hill for five years?

Congress passed the law to honor Charles Sumner, who had died the year before.

What position did Frederick Douglass assume on the issue of women's voting rights during Reconstruction?

Douglass asked women to allow black male suffrage to take priority

Which of the following best assesses the role of Ulysses S. Grant in the impeachment crisis of 1868?

Grant has stepped down as a secretory of war in favor of Edwin Stanton, precipitating the crisis

By the late 1870s, how did the majority of freedmen and freedwomen in the South live?

In poverty and uncertain about political rights

What was radical about the Fourteenth Amendment?

It defined citizenship in national rather than state terms

What benefit did sharecropping offer African Americans over the old institution of slavery?

It ended gang labor and allowed freedmen to work on their own terms

What statement describes Abraham Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction?

It included general amnesty to all but high- ranking Confederates willing to pledge loyalty to the union

How did President Lincoln's plan for reconstructing the South compare with Congress's 1864 plan for reconstruction, which was codified in the Wade-Davis Bill?

Lincolns plan was more lenient

In the South of the late 1800s, sharecroppers found themselves tied to the land and in debt to landlords and merchants in a system of forced labor known as

Peonage

Which aspect of work in the Reconstruction South was a crucial priority for freedmen?

Preventing black women from performing field labor

African Americans constituted a majority in the lower house of which state legislature in 1868?

South Carolina

Douglass asked women to allow black male suffrage to take priority

Suffrage

According to the Fourteenth Amendment, which of the following granted U.S. citizenship?

The federal government

Why did the economic troubles brought on by the Panic of 1873 hit southern governments particularly hard?

The southern economy had already been growing slowly before the downturn

Why are the Republican Reconstruction governments of the South categorized as reforming governments?

They expanded education and health care

What service, in addition to religious services, did churches provide African Americans after the Civil War?

They served as social centers

Why did Congress pass the Enforcement Laws in 1870?

To stop violence perpetuating by the Klu Klux Klan and similar groups

In which scandal did President Grant appear to have perjured himself to protect Orville Babcock, his private secretary, from conviction?

Whiskey Ring