Chapter 14

Which of the following children would have the most difficult time making an emotional connection with other children? a) Tommy, who has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) b) Warren, who has a specific learning disorder c) Chad, who has autism d) Corey, who has a motor disorder

Chad, who has autism

Carrie recently quit her job, packed up her car, and drove to Las Vegas, where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours. Based on this, Carrie may be experiencing a) a manic episode. b) depression. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) a panic attack.

a manic episode

Speaking in an incoherent way and displaying strange or inappropriate emotions while talking.

disorganized speech

A sickness or disorder of the mind.

psychopathology

According to Aaron Beck, a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam? a) "I did not have enough time to study; I will do better next time." b) "Oh well, it was a hard test. Most of the class probably did poorly, too." c) "This professor is out to get me." d) "I am so stupid. There is no way I can pass this course."

"I am so stupid. There is no way I can pass this course."

Which of the following regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true? a) ADHD is a disorder of childhood that people may not outgrow. b) Although diagnosed in childhood, ADHD symptoms rarely continue past adolescence. c) Children today develop ADHD at a younger age than in the past. d) Children diagnosed earlier are more likely to have symptoms as adults.

ADHD is a disorder of childhood that people may not outgrow.

Dr. Vissage accurately describes the relationship between panic attacks and agoraphobia in which of the following statements? a) Having panic attacks has little to do with the development of agoraphobia. b) Agoraphobia rarely occurs without panic attacks. c) Panic attacks and agoraphobia have different biological causes. d) Both panic attacks and agoraphobia result from having specific phobias in childhood.

Agoraphobia rarely occurs without panic attacks.

Which of the following scenarios describes someone with autism spectrum disorder? a) Isis is an intelligent girl, but she has a stutter and tends make inappropriate responses in conversation. b) Tim shows pervasive difficulty learning basic skills of daily living as well as academic material. He will probably need lifelong support. c) Bella is disruptive in class, and she often fidgets and loses track of tasks. d) At around age 2, Felix stopped speaking, making eye contact with people, and responding to his own name.

At around age 2, Felix stopped speaking, making eye contact with people, and responding to his own name.

Emil Kraepelin is well known in the field of psychology because he noticed that not all people with psychopathology were experiencing the same disorder. Further, he could identify different types of psychopathology by grouping clients' symptoms. Because of this classification system, Kraepelin's work is the basis for the a) study of the etiology of mental disorders. b) biopsychosocial approach. c) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. d) diathesis-stress model.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Willie is on the bus with his classmates. Who is most likely to be diagnosed with psychopathology based on the criteria that his or her behavior impairs good daily functioning? a) Jemima, who plays loud music on her cell phone even though it is against the rules b) Marvin, who gets sad if he cannot sit behind the bus driver c) Elizabeth, who must walk up and down the bus steps 10 times before getting on d) Bruce, who prefers to look out the window instead of talking to his seatmate

Elizabeth, who must walk up and down the bus steps 10 times before getting on

Which of the following behavioral characteristics would tell you that a friend of yours is experiencing antisocial personality disorder rather than some other personality disorder? a) He has a weak sense of self and does not like to be alone. b) He shifts quickly from one mood to another without any obvious reason. c) He is uncaring toward others and focused on pleasure. d) He engages in self-mutilation and is very impulsive.

He is uncaring toward others and focused on pleasure.

Mellie has not been out of the house in three weeks because she is afraid that people are following her and planning on hurting her, which makes her very worried. Mellie's neighbors are worried about her. Which of the following statements does NOT characterize Mellie's experience? a) Her behavior may be adaptive. b) Her behavior is upsetting to others. c) Her behavior deviates from social norms. d) Her behavior is personally distressing.

Her behavior may be adaptive.

Linus has an intrusive fear of being burglarized. He can't stop thinking about the possibility of a home invasion. Several times per day and before he leaves the house, Linus checks the locks to make sure the deadbolt is engaged. Which of the following is true about his condition? a) His disruptive thoughts are called compulsions, while his behavior of checking the locks is a relief. b) His disruptive thoughts are called obsessions, while his behavior of checking the locks is a compulsion. c) His disruptive thoughts are called anxieties, while his behavior of checking the locks is an obsession. d) His disruptive thoughts are called anxieties, while his behavior of checking the locks is a relief.

His disruptive thoughts are called obsessions, while his behavior of checking the locks is a compulsion

According to the diathesis-stress model, and based solely on the information provided, which person is most likely to experience a depressed state? a) Jane, who experienced neglect as a child and has low levels of stress at work b) Jaleesa, who had a pleasant childhood but now has high levels of stress at work c) Janice, who has a family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job d) Jennifer, who has no family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job

Janice, who has a family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job

Dr. Black is interviewing a client. The client displays only the following symptoms: he rarely responds to the doctor's questions, shows no emotions, and does not make eye contact. Is Dr. Black able to make a diagnosis of schizophrenia? a) Yes, because he is displaying negative symptoms. b) No, because he is not displaying any hallucinations. c) Yes, because he is displaying at least two of the five major symptoms. d) No, because he is only displaying one of the five major symptoms.

No, because he is only displaying one of the five major symptoms.

Which of the following scenarios describes the concept of comorbidity? a) On a continuum, Taylor is moderately anxious. b) Taylor has a dual diagnosis of major depression and panic disorder. c) Taylor feels somewhat anxious in social situations, but not enough to disrupt her daily functioning. d) Taylor's anxiety is high enough to cause panic attacks.

Taylor has a dual diagnosis of major depression and panic disorder.

Tommy has obsessions about cleanliness and is a compulsive handwasher. Which of the following pieces of evidence would support the view that his obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning? a) Although his parents have punished Tommy many times for handwashing, he continues to engage in the behavior. b) Tommy sees his brother engage in compulsive handwashing, so he also engages in the behavior. c) Tommy experiences a large reduction in anxiety whenever he washes his hands, so he continues the behavior whenever he becomes anxious. d) Tommy read a sign saying that handwashing helps prevent illness.

Tommy experiences a large reduction in anxiety whenever he washes his hands, so he continues the behavior whenever he becomes anxious.

Arianna refuses to eat, has stopped bathing, has quit going to work and paying bills, and no longer talks to people. Should Arianna be diagnosed with a mental disorder? a) No, her behavior may be odd, but it is adaptive for her. b) No, but her behavior differs from the norms of her culture. c) Yes, her behavior is clearly causing her personal distress. d) Yes, her behavior is maladaptive.

Yes, her behavior is maladaptive.

One of your roommates comes from a small rural town and the other is from a large city. Is this factor related to their probability of experiencing a schizophrenic episode? a) No, genetic factors override environmental factors in schizophrenia. b) Maybe, depending on how stressful each person's environment is. c) Yes, the person from the urban area may be at higher risk for developing schizophrenia, although a causal relationship has not been established. d) Yes, the person from the rural area may be at higher risk for developing schizophrenia.

Yes, the person from the urban area may be at higher risk for developing schizophrenia, although a causal relationship has not been established.

In some cases, the mania in bipolar I is so severe it results in psychosis, which is a) intense anxiety. b) a personality disorder. c) a comorbid disorder. d) a failure to recognize reality.

a failure to recognize reality

Rory knows that borderline personality disorder is primarily associated with a) a genetic predisposition. b) reduced physical response to anxiety. c) a history of trauma. d) a lack of empathy.

a history of trauma

Dr. Padgett meets a new client who has antisocial personality disorder. The client most likely has a) a lack of empathy and remorse. b) an inability to control his or her impulses. c) feelings of inadequacy. d) detachment from social relationships.

a lack of empathy and remorse.

Augustine's first-grade teacher tells his parents that he is "out of control" at school because he frequently interrupts his classmates, does not follow directions, and acts impulsively. Augustine's parents might be worried he has a) obsessive-compulsive disorder. b) a personality disorder. c) a neurodevelopmental disorder. d) dissociative identity disorder.

a neurodevelopmental disorder

A woman is sitting on a bench. She is sweating profusely, is short of breath, has numbness in her feet and hands, and feels as though she is dying. The woman is most likely experiencing a) generalized anxiety disorder. b) a panic attack. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) a specific phobia.

a panic attack

Lamont thinks his neighbor sends subliminal messages to his brain. In order to prevent these messages, Lamont believes he should not shower or change his clothes every day. Lamont does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but he may be experiencing long-lasting, maladaptive patterns of interacting with the world around him. In this case, Lamont may be diagnosed with a) negative symptoms. b) diminished brain ventricles. c) dissociative identity disorder. d) a personality disorder.

a personality disorder

According to the diathesis-stress model, mental disorders are caused by both ________ and stress. a) a predisposition to mental illness b) unconscious conflicts c) sociocultural factors d) abnormal thought processes

a predisposition to mental illness

Ted was diagnosed at age 18 with severe schizophrenia. His functioning has progressively gotten worse since his diagnosis. Compared with people who have more mild cases of schizophrenia, neuroimaging of Ted's brain would likely reveal that he has a) enlarged temporal lobes. b) smaller ventricles. c) a reduced amount of brain tissue. d) an underactive dopamine system.

a reduced amount of brain tissue

Laverne has a tremendous fear of cats. Although no cat has ever hurt her, every time she is near a cat she worries that it will scratch or bite her. This has led her to be unable to go to the home of friends who have a cat, even if they promise to lock the cat in another room. Which condition is Laverne most likely experiencing? a) generalized anxiety disorder b) agoraphobia c) panic disorder d) a specific phobia

a specific phobia

The psychological disorder that is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life is ________ because ________. a) panic disorder; one's daily life is only minimally affected b) generalized anxiety disorder; the fearful feelings are usually mild and last only a short time c) a specific phobia; the feared object or situation can often be avoided d) obsessive-compulsive disorder; this disorder involves thoughts that are often easy to ignore

a specific phobia; the feared object or situation can often be avoided

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations from which escape is difficult or impossible.

agoraphobia

A personality disorder marked by disregard for and violation of the rights of others and by lack of remorse.

antisocial personality disorder

Everything on Floyd's desk is kept in its exact place. He straightens his things each day and gets very upset when something is not put back in its proper place. He does not like to bring work home with him because it means the paperwork is not properly filed when he gets to work the next morning. Based on this, Floyd is likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder in the ________ cluster. a) eccentric b) dramatic c) dissociative d) anxious

anxious

Dr. Clarkson is treating a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He learns that the client's parents divorced and she has never felt loved because her father left the family. By looking for the issues that led to the development of her OCD, Dr. Clarkson is a) making a diagnosis. b) attempting to assess function. c) attempting to determine etiology. d) making a prognosis.

attempting to determine etiology

A disorder characterized by excessive activity or fidgeting, inattentiveness, and impulsivity.

attention-deficit hyperativity disorder

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately. Which of the following would most likely DECREASE your risk of developing major depressive disorder? a) damaging your left prefrontal cortex b) attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work c) entering REM sleep more often and staying in REM sleep longer d) feeling that you are not capable of changing your life's course

attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted, repetitive behavior and interests.

autism spectrum disorder

Mood disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes.

bipolar I disorder

Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods.

bipolar II disorder

Which of the following is NOT a factor that is thought to influence schizophrenia? a) exposure to viruses b) birth order c) abnormal levels of dopamine d) stressful home life

birth order

When his girlfriend broke up with him, Ian became depressed and engaged in a very impulsive and dramatic attempt to commit suicide. He took himself to the hospital and immediately asked the nurse to call his ex-girlfriend to tell her what had happened. Ian does not realize that he was most likely trying to manipulate his ex-girlfriend into staying with him because he was terrified of abandonment. Ian was demonstrating the symptoms of __________ personality disorder. a) paranoid b) dependent c) narcissistic d) borderline

boderline

Sharon has a history of having highly negative emotional reactions when her relationships are disrupted, and she often acts impulsively. Sharon is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a) dependent b) borderline c) antisocial d) narcissistic

borderline

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in moods, and in impulse control.

borderline personality disorder

Which of the following conditions would place you at the greatest risk of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime? a) Both of your parents have the disorder. b) Your fraternal twin has the disorder. c) Your spouse has the disorder. d) There are generally higher rates of schizophrenia in your culture.

both of your parents have the disorder

People who lack empathy for others they hurt, who do dangerous things just for fun, and who tend to seek immediate gratification a) cannot be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if no crime has been committed. b) can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder even if they have not committed crimes. c) can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if their problems become so serious that they begin committing crimes. d) can be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder but not with antisocial personality disorder.

can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder even if they have not committed crimes.

When studying psychological disorders, Ernesto learns that the diathesis-stress model suggests that a) certain biological or environmental factors make us vulnerable to mental illness, but do not directly cause it. b) people with a genetic propensity for a disorder will always develop it. c) mental disorders are common in families experiencing a high level of stress. d) an individual's ability to cope with stress is the best predictor of mental disorders.

certain biological or environmental factors make us vulnerable to mental illness, but do not directly cause it.

Peter is a clinical psychologist. When determining whether a client's behavior shows psychopathology, he should use all of the following criteria EXCEPT whether the a) behavior is maladaptive. b) client recognizes that he or she has a disorder. c) behavior deviates from cultural norms. d) person is experiencing distress.

client recognizes that he or she has a disorder

False beliefs that reflect breaks from reality.

delusions

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials. Based on this, Nash is most likely experiencing a) hallucinations. b) delusions. c) negative symptoms. d) disorganized behavior.

delusions

Stewart has a family history of mental disorders, and he also had a troubled childhood. These factors represent his underlying vulnerability to mental problems, or __________, but they do not guarantee that he will develop a psychological disorder. a) stress b) etiology c) diathesis d) continuum

diathesis

The idea that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with strress.

diathesis-stress model

Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe.

disorganized behavior

Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life. She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently seems to be talking to someone, though no one is nearby. Caroline appears to be a) experiencing severe bipolar disorder. b) going to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. c) showing both obsessions and compulsions. d) displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia.

displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia.

Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life. She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently seems to be talking to someone, though no one is nearby. Caroline appears to be d) experiencing severe bipolar disorder. c) going to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. b) showing both obsessions and compulsions. d) displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia.

displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia.

Psychological disorder that involves disruptions of memory for personal facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time.

dissociative amnesia

The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual.

dissociative identity disorder

Factors that contribute to the development of disordered thoughts, emotions, and/or behaviors.

etiology

Because Simone works with clients who have anxiety disorders, she knows that the key characteristic of this group of mental disorder is a) changing moods that are not related to events in the environment. b) disorganized thoughts and high physical activation. c) feelings of increasing nervousness and anxiety in the absence of threat. d) ongoing problems with interpersonal relationships.

feelings of increasing nervousness and anxiety in the absence of threat

Miguel woke up one morning in a strange hotel in Detroit. He has no memory of how he got there and cannot remember his name or where he is actually from. Based on this, Miguel is most likely experiencing dissociative a) amnesia. b) personality disorder. c) identity disorder. d) fugue.

fugue

An anxiety disorder with a state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event.

generalized anxiety disorder

Janine feels tired and irritable. This morning's news reminded her that natural disasters can strike at any time. She is also agonizing over an awkward conversation with her neighbor, who may be upset over her choice of flowers in the front beds. She is also starting to worry that she worries too much. Which anxiety disorder best describes her condition? a) panic disorder b) agoraphobia c) generalized anxiety disorder d) gnomophobia

generalized anxiety disorder

Carmen believes that she has the amazing power to control the thoughts of her classmates and make them do what she wants. Mandy believes that all her classmates are trying to manipulate her thoughts. Carmen is experiencing ________ delusions, while Mandy is experiencing ________ delusions. a) grandiose; control b) control; grandiose c) persecution; control d) grandiose; persecution

grandiose; control

The most likely reason for the dramatic increase in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is a) greater awareness of symptoms and broader application of the diagnosis to a wider array of behaviors. b) chemicals used in the processing and delivery of vaccinations given to children. c) couples having their first child are older now than in past generations. d) lead contamination in municipal water supplies in many locales.

greater awareness of symptoms and broader application of the diagnosis to a wider array of behaviors.

Andy was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. His family has learned the major symptoms of this disorder. Which of these is NOT one of those major symptoms? a) guilt b) hallucinations c) negative symptoms d) disorganized speech

guilt

Perceptual disturbances that are experienced without an external source.

hallucinations

Rachel has a disorder that is characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. She has trouble understanding other people's mental states and often performs strange hand movements. Rachel most likely a) has an autism spectrum disorder. b) is at risk for borderline personality disorder. c) will develop symptoms of depression. d) will meet the criteria for intellectual giftedness.

has an autism spectrum disorder

Sean's parents noticed that he rarely smiled or made eye contact with them. As Sean got older, his parents were increasingly concerned about his development; although he seemed to have normal intelligence, he didn't seem to understand facial expressions. It is likely that Sean has a) major depressive disorder. b) high-functioning autism (former called "Asperger's syndrome"). c) dissociative identity disorder. d) low-functioning autism.

high-functioning autism (former called "Asperger's syndrome").

Germaine has a nervous personality, which appears to run in his family. This semester, he is enrolled in 18 credit hours while also studying for his medical school exam. Although he never had them before, Germaine starts having panic attacks during exams. In this situation, the diathesis is ________, and the stressor is ________. a) the medical school exam; his personality b) his personality; the medical school exam c) the first panic attack; his course load d) his course load; the first panic attack

his personality; the medical school exam

Lisa has a normal response to stress when she is worried about losing her job. Lisa's reaction may become an anxiety disorder if it a) is paired with under-arousal of her autonomic nervous system. b) lasts for more than a few weeks. c) is excessive in the absence of a true threat. c) goes undiagnosed.

is excessive in the absence of a true threat

Current genetic research has found that bipolar disorder has a strong and complex genetic component. Perhaps one reason that the genetic component of bipolar disorder is so strong is that a) it is probably linked to more than one gene. b) the gene that triggers bipolar is inherently recessive. c) one single gene that is common to many people seems to be responsible. d) bipolar disorder is more common in the population than depression.

it is probably linked to more than one gene.

Mood disorder, characterized by extremely depressed moods or a loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities, that persists for two weeks or more.

major depressive disorder

The two types of depressive disorders are a) major depressive disorder and anxiety. b) persistent depressive disorder and mania. c) major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorders. d) persistent and regular depressive disorders.

major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorders

For the past several weeks, Hugh has had a vague sense of irritability. He does not know why he is feeling this way, but it seems to be affecting how he thinks about his job and how he acts at work. Hugh's irritability is best categorized as a a) primary emotion. b) secondary emotion. c) mood. d) physiological arousal.

mood

Dwight is very apathetic toward others. He does not show much outward emotion, his speech is slow, and he speaks in a monotone. If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms. a) positive b) disorganized c) negative d) delusional

negative

In clients with schizophrenia, men are more likely than women to experience a) positive symptoms. b) disorganized behavior. c) delusions. d) negative symptoms.

negative symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, slowed speech, and slowed movement.

negative symptoms

Psychological disorders that most commonly develop in childhood.

neurodevelopmental disorders

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) describes disorders in terms of a) historical significance. b) treatment outcomes. c) observable symptoms. d) prevalence in the population.

observable symptoms

A psychological disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduce the anxiety.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Malcolm worries that shaking hands with strangers will infect him with germs. Therefore, he washes his hands after every time he meets someone new. Malcolm is displaying signs of a) panic attacks. b) social phobia. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) agoraphobia.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

When Valerie leaves her house, she experiences unwelcome thoughts that make her nervous, so she engages in repetitive behaviors that make her feel calmer so she can get into her car. Based on this, Valerie is most likely to be diagnosed with a) obsessive-compulsive disorder. b) generalized anxiety disorder. c) social phobia. d) panic attacks.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Nearly everyone sometimes experiences periods of sadness or of feeling down or depressed. However, these feelings, although common, are not likely to be diagnosed as depression by psychologists. This is because a) periods of sadness must also include a component of anxiety or worry to qualify for a diagnosis of depression. b) only lasting episodes of depressed mood that interfere with a person's life and cause significant distress would require a diagnosis and treatment of depression. c) psychologists do not diagnose or treat depression; the diagnosis can only be made by a medical doctor. d) people who suffer from "the blues" often don't realize that they are depressed and so they don't seek treatment.

only lasting episodes of depressed mood that interfere with a person's life and cause significant distress would require a diagnosis and treatment of depression.

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror.

panic disorder

Mood disorder, characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods, that persists for at least two years.

persistant depressive disorder

A mood disorder characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods that persists for two years or more is called a) persistent depressive disorder. b) ordinary periodic sadness. c) major depressive disorder. d) seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

persistent depressive disorder

Sharda believes that she hears personal messages to her from the radio station playing on her car radio. She thinks that the radio commercials are talking directly to her and that there are coded messages in the songs the radio DJ plays. Sharda's delusional thinking is most likely an example of a __________ symptom of schizophrenia. a) negative b) disorganized c) positive d) hallucination

positive

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior.

positive symptoms

A psychological disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Wayne's behavior is marked by a disregard for others' rights and feelings. He is charming but insincere, and when he is angry, he does not hesitate to make others suffer. Which type of tendencies does Wayne exhibit? a) schizoid b) histrionic c) psychopathic d) narcissistic

psychopathic

Carlson notices that a friend is acting different than usual and the friend does not seem to realize that her behavior is odd. This concerns Carlson that her friend may be experiencing a) psychopathology. b) diathesis-stress. c) etiology. d) prognosis.

psychopathology

A psychological disorder characterized by extreme alterations in thought, in perceptions, and/or in consciousness that result in a break from reality.

schizophrenia

Dr. Leung gives all of her clients a questionnaire about sleeping and eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this information, Dr. Leung can determine whether depressive symptoms are present. Dr. Leung is using ________ to assess psychopathology. a) self-reports b) DSM-5 c) psychological testing d) observations

self-reports

Dr. Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech. She notices that their speech a) is similar to that of people with depressive disorders. b) is always very simple, like that of a child. c) shifts rapidly between topics with no obvious logic. d) is delayed in its development by several years.

shifts rapidly between topics with no obvious logic

An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of social situations or performance where a person is anxious about being negatively evaluated by others.

social anxiety disorder

Which of the following two disorders are most similar in that they always involve worry over a certain situation or object? a) phobias and generalized anxiety disorder b) generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder c) panic attacks and social anxiety disorder d) social anxiety disorder and specific phobias

social anxiety disorder and specific phobias

Juan has extreme difficulty using his math skills when compared with other students his age. However, his performance in other subject areas is above average. If Juan has a neurodevelopmental disorder, he is most likely to be diagnosed with a(n) a) specific learning disorder. b) autism spectrum disorder. c) intellectual disability. d) communication disorder.

specific learning disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with any actual threat.

specific phobia

Using eye-tracking instruments that are capable of determining where a child's gaze is located while watching a television program, researchers have observed that children with autism a) tend to focus on social interactions, avoiding unimportant details on the screen. b) track movements, but only if they are of inanimate objects. c) tend to focus on unimportant details on the screen rather than on social interactions. d) seem unable to track movements on the screen.

tend to focus on unimportant details on the screen rather than on social interactions.

Research has shown that schizophrenia may be related to biological factors. Specifically, brain-imaging studies have shown that in people with schizophrenia a) the brain's ventricles become smaller over time. b) the frontal and occipital lobes show a dramatic increase in activity. c) the amount of overall brain tissue may be reduced, although a causal factor has not been established. d) both the amygdala and the hippocampus are not very active.

the amount of overall brain tissue may be reduced, although a causal factor has not been established

The main difference between dissociative amnesia and ordinary forgetting is a) that dissociative amnesia is often due to ingesting drugs or alcohol. b) that ordinary memory loss is often due to extreme stress. c) These are just different names for the same thing. d) the amount of time or the loss of personal facts.

the amount of time or the loss of personal facts

After meeting with Ramie for several sessions, Dr. Morris discusses her prognosis. Dr. Morris is most likely talking about a) how Ramie's mental disorder is defined. b) the likely cause of Ramie's disorder. c) whether he has correctly diagnosed Ramie's disorder. d) the future course and probable outcome of Ramie's disorder.

the future course and probable outcome of Ramie's disorder.