Chapter 14 Labs
-LC (Local Connector) -RJ-11 -ST (Straight Tip) -SC (Standard Connector) -RJ-45
Network Connectors (see image on Lab 8)
The Application Layer provides access to network resources. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Transport Layer is responsible for preparing data to be transported across the network. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Internet Layer is responsible for logical addressing (such as IP Addresses) and routing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Network Access Layer consists of the network card driver and the circuitry on the network card itself.
TCP/IP layers [In order from top to bottom]
Application Layer: -HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) -FTP (File Transfer Protocol) -Telnet -SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) -POP3 (Post Office Protocol3) -IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol4) --------------------------------------------------- Transport Layer: -TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) -UDP (User Datagram Protocol) -------------------------------------------------- Internet Layer: -RIP (Routing Information Protocol) -OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) -IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) -ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) -------------------------------------------------- Network Access Layer: -ARP
TCP/IP layers and their protocols
802.11a: Provides bandwidth of upto 54Mbps in the 5GHz frequency spectrum and uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation --------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.11b: Provides bandwidth of upto 11Mbps in the 2.4GHz frequency spectrum and uses direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) modulation --------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.11g: Provides bandwidth of upto 54Mbps in the 2.4GHz frequency spectrum and uses OFDM or DSSS modulation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.11n: Provides bandwidth of upto 600Mbps in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz frequency spectrum and uses OFDM or DSSS modulation ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.11ac: Provides bandwidth of upto 1300Mbps in the 5GHz frequency spectrum and uses OFDM modulation
802.11 networking standards
Components of a coaxial cable in order from the inside: -Copper wire -Inner dielectric insulation -Thin foil shield -Braided shield -Outer plastic cover
Copper media
The ring topology uses the FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) media type and does not require a central node to manage the connectivity between the computers. In this topology, each node is connected to two nodes on either side of it, with all the nodes forming a continuous loop. This topology is quite easy to install and reconfigure because adding or removing a device requires moving just two connections. ------------------------------- In the bus topology, each node is connected to the next by a direct line so that a continuous line is formed. ------------------------------- In the star topology, each node is connected to a central network connectivity device, such as a hub or a switch. The central device distributes information packets to the nodes. ------------------------------- In the mesh topology, all nodes have independent connections to all other nodes. Mesh topologies require computers to have multiple network cards and are rarely used because they are complex to wire and support. -------------------------------- In the tree topology, there are at least three levels in a hierarchy. Tree topologies are easily scalable and provide good accessibility for troubleshooting.
Network Topologies
WAN (Wide Area Network): Interconnects network components that are geographically separated MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Interconnects locations scattered throughout a metropolitan area LAN (Local Area Network): Connects network devices over a relatively short distance PAN (Personal Area Network): Used for data transmission among devices such as computers and telephones CAN (Campus Area Network): Interconnection of local-area networks within a limited geographical space Wireless LAN (WLAN): A wireless network that consists of an access point and some wireless devices. Example: Bluetooth
Network Types
Wake on LAN (WoL) allows a "sleeping" machine to awaken when it receives a wake up signal. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a handy technology to supply both power and an Ethernet connection. Quality of Service (QoS) implements packet scheduling to control the flow of traffic and help with network transmission speeds.
Network card properties
7 Application Layer: Talks to application software 6 Presentation Layer: Reformats, encrypts/decodes, compresses/decompresses 5 Session Layer: Makes connection at both ends 4 Transport Layer: Disassembles and reassembles segments 3 Network Layer: Finds best possible route [Operating System] L3-L7 2 Data Link Layer: Error correction 1 Physical Layer: Passes data on to media [Network card] L1-L2
OSI layer functions
Physical Layer: Transmits bits from one computer to another and regulates the transmission stream over a medium. ---------------------------------- Application Layer: Allows access to network services such as file transfer, electronic mail, and database access. ----------------------------------- Transport Layer: Divides long communications into smaller data packages, and handles error recognition and correction. ----------------------------------- Data Link Layer: Packages bits of data from the physical layer into frames. ---------------------------------- Presentation Layer: Translates application layer data to an intermediate form that provides security, encryption, and compression for the data. ---------------------------------- Session Layer: Establishes and controls data communication between applications operating on two computers. --------------------------------- Network Layer: Addresses data messages and translates logical addresses into physical ones.
OSI layers {Detailed}
Physical Layer: Synchronizing bits ------------------------------- Data Link Layer: Synchronizing transmissions ------------------------------- Network Layer: Logical addressing ------------------------------- Transport Layer: Windowing ------------------------------- Session Layer: Tearing down a session ------------------------------- Presentation Layer: Encryption ------------------------------- Application Layer: Service advertisement
OSI model layers