Chapter 14 North and South- American History 8th
Southern Economy
Farming (cotton)
Harriet Tubman
Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad and ran away North
Deep South
In 1850 it became very populated; depended on slavery
Cyrus McCormick
Invented the mechanical reaper that increased amount of crop a farmer could harvest
Immigrants: what groups, when and why
Irish- to escape a famine from potato disease in 1846-1860 German- to flee political problems or sought work in 1820-1860
Railroads: what sort of impact would rail lines have on the South in the Civil War
It would be a bad impact because the South didn't have many lines
Plantation owners' wives: what was life like for them? What were there duties?
Life was lonely and difficult; took head of the house hold and supervised buildings, watched enslaved worker and tended to them when ill. kept plantation financial records
Before the American revolution what did farmers in the South grow
Rice, tobacco, indigo
racial prejudice in the North - examples
Separated whites and colored people and whites had more rights: white men didn't have to own property to vote, few AA had this right; AA couldn't attend public schools and services
From where did southerners get most of their manufactured goods
The North
How did immigrants change America?
They brought new customs, language, religions and traditions
tenant farmers
a person who farms rented land from property owners; majority of white population for the south; rural poor
Strikes: what were they, who used them, were they legal
a work stoppage by employees as a protest against an employer;illegal in early 1800s but 1942 Massachusetts court ruled it was legal
spirituals: what were they, what was their purpose
an African American religious folk song; to explore/express their beliefs: joy, sadness, and helped communication with themselves
Nat Turner
an enslaved African American who led a rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia in 1831
prejudice
an unfair opinion not based on facts (racial)
Peter Cooper
designed and built the first American steam powered locomotive called the Tom Thumb
industry
developed slowly for South; this was new which was costly. Some white southerners didn't want this; all the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service
Yeomen
farmer who owns a small farm 50-200 acres and live in upper south or the hilly areas of deep south. grew crops to trade with local merchants and had few to no slaves
agriculture
farming: steel-tipped plow, thresher, and mechanical reaper all reduced labor for farming
What was the job of most slaves on a plantation?
field hands: tending to live stock, house work, blacksmith, carpenter, weaver etc.
Slave Codes: what were they, what else were they called, what was their purpose
laws in the southern states that controlled enslaved people; black codes/negro laws; to prevent rebellion
trade unions
organization of workers with the same trade or skill; 1830; had more power than they did individually
Nativists
people who opposed immigration. believed that immigration treated future of "native" citizens and blamed immigrants for society problems
overseer
plantation manager supervised enslaved AA working on the field
credit
the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.
Liscense
to give an official authority to do something
Productivity
a measure of the amount a worker produced by the amount of time effort
Phases of industrialization: how many, what were they
Three phases; 1: divided jobs into smaller steps; 2: entrepreneurs built factories bringing workers together that practiced one job; 3: Used machines to complete tasks
Upper South
Very populated before 1850; most southerners live here; an area along Atlantic ocean
Cotton Gin
a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber made by Eli Whitney in 1793 that helped process 50x faster by hand and encouraged farmers to grow cotton anywhere
