Chapter 14 Part One
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except
XII
Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?
a sweat gland
Sympathetic nerves
are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity
Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.
autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located
both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion
celiac
Splanchnic nerves
consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia
Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to
dilate the right pupil.
The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?
It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS
Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?
Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is
True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?
abdominopelvic
Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia?
acetylcholine
Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions
acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine
Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the
adrenal glands
The adrenal medullae secrete
both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the
cardiac plexus.
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.
chain
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.
collateral
Autonomic motor neurons
conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.
Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except
decreased heart rate
Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the
digestive tract
Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on
ganglionic neurons.
Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs?
gray ramus
Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ________ ganglion
inferior mesenteric
Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the
lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
The celiac ganglia do not innervate the
intestines
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic pelvic nerves synapse on neurons located within ________ ganglia.
intramural
Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the
lacrimal glands
As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect might be affected by this injury?
left pupil and heart
In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.
long; short
The sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the
lumbar
The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.
parasympathetic
Intramural ganglia in the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________ nerves
pelvic
A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron.
preganglionic
What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?
preganglionic neuron
Which of the following is exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
short pre-ganglionic fibers
In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.
short; long
Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except
skeletal muscle
All of the following are visceral effectors except
skeletal muscles.
Two terms that both refer to internal organs are
splanchnic and viscera
Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within
sympathetic chain ganglia
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?
thoracolumbar division
The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is
true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system
The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system
The statement "It sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s).
vagus
Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
vagus nerves