Chapter 14 Part One

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except

XII

Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?

a sweat gland

Sympathetic nerves

are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity

Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located

both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion

celiac

Splanchnic nerves

consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

dilate the right pupil.

The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?

It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?

abdominopelvic

Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia?

acetylcholine

Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions

acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

adrenal glands

The adrenal medullae secrete

both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the

cardiac plexus.

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

chain

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

collateral

Autonomic motor neurons

conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except

decreased heart rate

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

digestive tract

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

ganglionic neurons.

Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs?

gray ramus

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ________ ganglion

inferior mesenteric

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

The celiac ganglia do not innervate the

intestines

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic pelvic nerves synapse on neurons located within ________ ganglia.

intramural

Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the

lacrimal glands

As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect might be affected by this injury?

left pupil and heart

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

long; short

The sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the

lumbar

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.

parasympathetic

Intramural ganglia in the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________ nerves

pelvic

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron.

preganglionic

What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?

preganglionic neuron

Which of the following is exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

short pre-ganglionic fibers

In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

short; long

Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except

skeletal muscle

All of the following are visceral effectors except

skeletal muscles.

Two terms that both refer to internal organs are

splanchnic and viscera

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

sympathetic chain ganglia

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

thoracolumbar division

The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

The statement "It sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s).

vagus

Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

vagus nerves