Chapter 14 Practice Quiz

Which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Adrenal ganglia are located within the kidney.

Which of the following terms refers to the synapse found between the preganglionic and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc?

Autonomic ganglion

Which of the following nervous system activities is not an effect of norepinephrine?

Blood glucose levels decrease.

Which of the following targets does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate?

Cardiac muscle cells

Which of the following features is not associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Craniosacral division

Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause which of the following actions?

Dry mouth

Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine. Which of the following will be an effect of cocaine?

Hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release

Which of the following cranial nerves is not involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Which division of the nervous system functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

Parasympathetic

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system?

Parasympathetic nervous system

_____________ are long; ______________ are short.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

The preganglionic axons of CN VII may extend to which of the following ganglia?

Submandibular

What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla?

Sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

Which of the following characteristics are not associated with the autonomic nervous system?

The effectors are primarily skeletal muscles.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.

Control of the skeletal muscle is the responsibility of

a somatic motor neuron

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as

adrenergic

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as __________.

adrenergic

Found on arrector pili muscles in the dermis

alpha receptor

The body system that oversees vital functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive processes, is the:

autonomic nervous system.

A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine is likely to have the greatest effect on __________.

autonomic target cells

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons may synapse with postganglionic neurons via all of the following pathways except:

axon synapses in terminal ganglia in the walls of the organs being innervated.

Located in the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells

beta receptor

Which of the following would not be a physiological variable under the control of the reticular formation?

body temperature

Which plexus is NOT served by the vagus nerve?

brachial plexus

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate?

central nervous system

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as __________ receptors.

cholinergic

Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as __________.

cholinergic

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:

cholinergic receptors.

Parasympathetic neurons associated with the oculomotor nerve (CN III) synapse with ___________ ganglia before continuing on to their effector.

ciliary

Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are __________.

closer to the spinal cord

Most organs are innervated by neurons from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, a phenomenon referred to as __________.

dual innervation

The ability of the ANS to regulate an organ's function under both emergency situations and resting conditions is possible due to:

dual innervation.

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?

hypothalamus

The part of the central nervous system that regulates the autonomic centers is the:

hypothalamus.

If a medication were able to selectively block nicotinic receptors on sympathetic postganglionic neurons, it would:

inhibit stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic receptors.

Found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells

muscarinic receptor

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

near the cells or organs being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons close to the spinal cord

Acetylcholine binds to:

nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

Relaxation of the urinary sphincter

parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system?

postganglionic neurons

The gray rami communicantes contain:

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Neurons that transmit efferent signals between the CNS and autonomic ganglia are called __________.

preganglionic neurons

What do the white rami communicantes contain?

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

All of the following features are associated with the parasympathetic division except:

short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons.

Somatic motor neurons innervate __________.

skeletal muscle cells

Increased heart rate

sympathetic

Most of the cell bodies of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons are found in the:

sympathetic chain ganglia.

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse in:

sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia

Enhances mental alertness

sympathetic nervous system

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin

sympathetic nervous system

Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes?

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is called the "fight or flight" division of the nervous system?

sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in:

terminal ganglia.

Autonomic tone is:

the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system originate?

thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spina cord

How many instances of cell-cell communication are involved in the motor component of a visceral reflex arc?

two

About 90% of parasympathetic innervation to the body occurs by the:

vagus nerves.

Visceral reflex arc do NOT control

voluntary muscle functions

Which of the following parasympathetic nerves control the production of tears and nasal secretions?

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Damage to sacral nerves is most likely to affect which of the following targets?

Urinary bladder and the last portion of the large intestine

Which of the following events is not controlled by autonomic reflexes?

Watching a dog catch a Frisbee

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons at their synapses?

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

acetylcholine

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as:

adrenergic.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can maintain a balance in most organs and that ensures that the body's needs are met appropriately at all times due to:

dual innervation.

Drugs known as β-blockers are most likely to affect __________.

heart rate

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

Acetylcholine

The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the eyes for

near vision

Located in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

nicotinic receptor

Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?

parasympathetic nervous system

Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system?

parasympathetic nervous system

Athletes who are well conditioned will have strong:

parasympathetic tone.

The effects of the ________ nervous system are generally antagonistic to the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.

sympathetic

Myelinated preganglionic fibers that connect the anterior rami of spinal nerves with the sympathetic chain ganglia travel through:

white rami communicantes.

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system share in common?

Both systems are divisions of the autonomic system

Which of the following organs is innervated by parasympathetic sacral nerves?

Last segment of the large intestine

In which of the following locations are autonomic ganglia located?

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times?

Sympathetic tone

What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body rest

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

Somatic motor neurons innervate:

skeletal muscle cells

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?

somatic nervous system