Chapter 14 Psych

16. How is catatonic stupor related to loss of volition? A) Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features. B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia. C) Both rely on similar structures in the motor cortex. D) Both of these appear at similar points during the time-course of schizophrenia.

A) Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features.

32. Which statement accurately represents the "rational path to madness"? A) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to me. B) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others give me lots of attention and sympathy. I experience more symptoms. C) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide they are right and become depressed. D) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others argue rationally against my symptoms. I believe them and no longer have symptom

A) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to me.

33. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is: A) typical of what happens in developing countries. B) typical of what happens in developed countries. C) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developing countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries. D) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries.

A) typical of what happens in developing countries.

9. A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____. A) auditory; grandeur B) tactile; control C) olfactory; reference D) gustatory, persecution

A. Auditory; grandeur

14. I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called: A) avolition. B) ahedonia. C) inappropriate affect. D) flat affect.

A. Avolition

31. Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This scenario is consistent with the: A) cognitive-behavioral view. B) sociocultural view. C) existential view. D) psychodynamic view.

A. Cognitive behavioral view

18. A person acts extremely jealous all the time and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is: A) delusional disorder. B) schizophreniform disorder. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) brief psychotic disorder.

A. Delusional Disorder

7. A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia? A) delusions of reference B) derailment C) neologisms D) inappropriate affect

B) derailment

15. Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) disturbances in affect. B) disturbances in volition. C) a disturbed sense of self. D) a disturbed relationship with the outside world.

B. Disturbances in volition

12. In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: A) blunted and flat affect. B) inappropriate affect. C) poverty of speech. D) loss of volition.

B. Inappropiate effect

8. A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered," is experiencing: A) loose associations. B) neologisms. C) perseveration. D) clang.

B. Neologisms

4. Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____. A) cognition; emotion B) perceptions; beliefs C) positive symptoms; negative symptoms D) psychosis; neurosis

B. Perceptions; beliefs

3. Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor

B. Positive

27. Most contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which statement? A) Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their children being diagnosed with schizophrenia. B) Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create children with schizophrenia. C) Schizophrenogenia should be applied to fathers as well as to mothers. D) Schizophrenogenia has been supported by research as an important contributor to schizophrenia.

B. Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create children with schizophrenia.

2. Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence to support the theory that schizophrenia is due to socioeconomic factors? A) evidence showing that people of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of schizophrenia than those of higher socioeconomic status B) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is positively correlated with the number of life stressors one has experienced C) evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status D) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is negatively correlated with one's annual income

C. evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to lower or from a lower to higher socioeconomic status

26. A modern psychodynamic theorist is MOST likely to say: A) "Fromm-Reichmann was right; schizophrenogenic mothers cause most cases of schizophrenia." B) "Fromm-Reichmann was wrong; schizophrenogenic fathers cause most cases of schizophrenia." C) "Having a fragmented sense of self leads to biological abnormalities." D) "Biological abnormalities predispose people to develop a fragmented sense of self."

D. Biological abnormalities predispose people to develop a fragmented sense of self

5. Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from: A) delusions of grandeur. B) delusions of reference. C) delusions of control. D) delusions of persecution.

D. Delusions of persecution

17. A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of: A) shared psychotic disorder. B) undifferentiated type of schizophrenia. C) schizophreniform disorder. D) schizoaffective disorder.

D. Schizoaffective disorder

20. Research evaluating the effectiveness of various approaches to treating postpartum psychosis is lacking. All of the following are potential reasons for this EXCEPT: A) finding a sufficient number of research participants is difficult because there are very few instances of the disorder to begin with. B) the appropriate tools for measuring the efficacy of different treatment approaches have yet to be developed. C) there are very few funding opportunities to support research investigating the efficacy of different treatment approaches. D) there are significant ethical concerns related to the various research models proposed to study treatment effectiveness.

D. there are significant ethical concerns related to the various research models proposed to study treatment effectiveness.

13. Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them. A) express; feel B) feel; express C) label; express D) feel; label

A. Express;feel

28. A person begins exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia—for example, hearing voices. Family members decide to discuss the voices with the person to try to understand what is going on. This action by family members should: A) increase the likelihood of future symptoms. B) decrease the likelihood of future symptoms. C) delay the onset of future symptoms, which are inevitable. D) prevent the onset of future symptoms.

A. Increase the likelihood of future symptoms

19. A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will: A) neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child. B) progress to postpartum psychosis but will not physically harm her child. C) not progress to postpartum psychosis but will physically harm her child. D) progress to postpartum psychosis and will physically harm her child.

A. Neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child

30. If a study showed that reinforced behavior produces a significant increase in dopamine activation compared to nonreinforced behavior, then this would lend some support for which claim? A) Reinforcement is a potential cause of schizophrenic symptoms. B) Schizophrenic behavior produces greater reinforcement than other behaviors. C) People with catatonic symptoms produce few reinforced behaviors. D) When dopamine levels are decreased, people are more likely to engage in behaviors that produce reinforcement than behaviors that do not produce reinforcement.

A. Reinforcement is a potential cause of schizophrenic symptoms

10. If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that: A) the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain. B) the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional. C) hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain. D) the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations.

A. The person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain

29. Operant conditioning has the MOST difficulty explaining: A) why schizophrenia is linked to genetic abnormalities. B) why people with schizophrenia display bizarre behaviors. C) why schizophrenia sometimes runs in families. D) why behavioral interventions restore some functions.

A. Why schizophrenia is linked to genetic abnormalities

6. Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He then decides to go to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: A) delusions of persecution. B) delusions of grandeur. C) delusions of reference. D) delusions of control.

C. Delusions of reference

22. Given that schizophrenia is associated with many gene sites, which of the following inferences is the MOST illogical? A) Schizophrenia is complex and varied, so it must be distributed across multiple gene sites. B) Polygenic disorders require the operation of multiple gene sites compared to disorders that are not polygenic. C) Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few. D) Some of the gene sites that are linked to schizophrenia may be purely coincidental and play no role in the disorder at all.

C. Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few.

21. Which is the BEST example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies? A) The brains of those with schizophrenia are structured differently from the brains of those without schizophrenia. B) Those with schizophrenia process certain neurotransmitters differently from those without schizophrenia. C) Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia. D) Biological relatives of those with schizophrenia are at greatest risk for schizophrenia.

C. Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia

23. Schizophrenia is to _____, as Parkinson's disease is to _____. A) negative symptoms; positive symptoms B) positive symptoms; negative symptoms C) increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation D) decreased dopamine activation; increased dopamine activation

C. Increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation

What kinds of treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)? A) short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy B) short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy C) long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy D) long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy

C. Long term, individualized, comprehensive therapy

25. If the schizophrenia-related brain circuit contains distinctive subcircuits, then one would expect to observe: A) increased activation in one circuit and decreased activation in another regardless of the symptoms that are present. B) increased activation among specific brain structures when the severity of symptoms that are present also increases. C) one circuit that is more active when positive symptoms are present, and the other more active when negative symptoms are present. D) circuits that are activated by similar brain structures, but with one being more intensely activated than the other.

C. One circuit that is more active when positive symptoms are present, and the other more active when negative symptoms are present

. Which piece of evidence, if found, would weaken the dopamine hypothesis the most? A) a study showing that when people are given excess doses of L-dopa, they subsequently develop symptoms of schizophrenia B) a study showing that other drugs that increase dopamine activity, such as amphetamines, also produce symptoms of schizophrenia C) a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia D) a study showing that phenothiazines are more effective than second-generation antipsychotic drugs in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia

C. a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia

11. Which piece of evidence, if found, would MOST strongly support the notion that hallucinations produce delusions? A) data from a survey given to people with schizophrenia who reported that delusions typically occurred a few weeks after they had experienced their first hallucinations B) anecdotal data from a clinical therapist who reported that his clients' delusions happened after they first experienced hallucinations C) an experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were more likely to develop delusions afterward D) a pharmaceutical study showing that a new investigational drug reduced both hallucinations and delusions

C. an experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were more likely to develop delusions afterward