Chapter 14 Questions

Endotoxin, also known as ______________________, is part of the outer (wall) membrane of Gram- bacteria

Lipid A

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease? a. a disease arising from fomites b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols c. a disease that arises from opportunistic, normal microbiota d. both a and b

b

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease? a. It normally occurs in a give geographic area b. It is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people c. It occurs frequently at no predictable time scattered over a large area or population d. It is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

d

Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are called

zoonoses

______________ infections are those acquired by patients or staff while in health care facilities

Nosocomial

Infections my go unnoticed because of the absence of symptoms are called

asymptomatic

An axenic environment is one that a. exists in the human mouth b. contains only one species c. exists in the human colon d. both a and c

b

Which of the following is false concerning microbial contaminants? a. Contaminants may become opportunistic pathogens b. Most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm c. Contaminants may be a part of the transient microbiota d. Contaminants my be introduced by a mosquito bite

b

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed an a. subacute disease b. acute disease c. chronic disease d. latent disease

d

The process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is a. infection b. contamination c. disease d. adhesion

d

Which of the following are most likely to cause disease? a. opportunistic pathogens in a weakened host b. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase c. pathogens lacking the enzyme collagenase d. highly virulent organisms

d

The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations is

epidemiology

The study of the cause of a disease is

etiology

Nonliving reservoirs of disease, such as a toothbrush, drinking glass, and needle, are called

fomites

A microbe that causes a disease is called a

pathogen

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area is its

prevalence

The most frequent portal of entry for pathogens is a. the respiratory tract b. the skin c. the conjunctiva d. a cut or wound

a

When pathogenic bacterial cells lose the ability to make adhesions, they typically a. become avirulent b. produce endotoxin c. absorb endotoxin d. increase in virulence

a

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious disease? a. incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence b. incubation, decline, prodromal, illness, convalescence c. prodromal, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence d. convalescence, prodromal, incubation, illness, decline

a

An animal that carries a pathogen and also serves as a host for the pathogen is called a _____________________ vector

biological

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bit and infect a person. Which was the vector? a. animal b. virus c. mosquito d. person

c

The nature of bacterial capsules a. causes widespread blood clotting b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria c. affects the virulence of these bacteria d. has no effect on the virulence of bacteria

c