chapter 14 quizzes
According to the study by Nelson and Furst on arm wrestling and expectations, a. objectively weaker subjects who expected to win actually did win more often than stronger subjects who expected to lose b. objectively stronger subjects won regardless of expectations c. objectively weaker subjects won regardless of expectations d. expectations were a better predictor of success than actual strength was e. a and d
E
An injured athlete is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehabilitation and thus has a low sense of self-efficacy. This is an example of using which source of self-efficacy? a. vicarious experiences b. physiological states c. verbal persuasion d. performance accomplishments e. emotional states
E
If you want to avoid breaking down an individual's self-confidence, a. don't criticize people for inconsequential errors b. don't criticize the behavior; criticize the person c. don't use sarcasm to motivate people d. all of the above e. a and c
E
The four-step process concerning the formation of a coach's expectations and their effects on the coach's and athlete's behavior signifies that a. coaches should continually reevaluate an athlete's ability throughout the season b. coaches should carefully monitor their quantity and quality of reinforcement and instructional feedback c. coaches should rely on one source to make ability judgments d. all of the above e. a and b
E
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of confidence? a. positive emotions b. effort c. concentration d. goals e. visualization
E
Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is (are) true? a. Self-efficacy affects effort expenditure and persistence. b. Self-efficacy plus ability are enough for success. c. Self-efficacy is task specific. d. all of the above e. a and c
E
Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is (are) true? a. There is a reciprocal relationship between efficacy and behavior change. b. Efficacy changes are related to changes in exercise adherence. c. Exercise behavior can influence feelings of efficacy. d. all of the above e. a and c
D
Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on a. performance information and media reports b. performance information and person cues c. person cues and media reports d. scouting and media reports e. person cues and scouting reports
B
Coaching efficacy is composed of all of the following areas except a. game strategy b. playing experience c. motivation d. technique e. character building
B
One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as a. trait self-confidence b. state self-confidence c. situational self-confidence d. cognitive self-confidence e. naturally occurring self-confidence
B
Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of a. verbal persuasion b. vicarious experiences c. performance accomplishments d. emotional arousal e. parental expectations
B
Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with a. self-esteem b. self-confidence c. self-motivation d. self-concept e. self-fulfilling prophecy
B
The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from a. vicarious experiences b. performance accomplishments c. emotional states d. verbal persuasion e. physiological states
B
Which of the following is true regarding judges' knowing a skater beforehand? a. Judges' knowledge of the skater did not affect their scoring. b. Skaters who were known to judges were ranked higher than skaters not known to judges. c. Skaters known to judges received higher artistic marks than skaters not known to judges. d. a and c e. b and c
B
According to recent research on the "hot hand" in basketball, if a coach needed to choose a player to take the last critical shot, he should choose a. the player who has the hot hand b. It doesn't matter whom he chooses. c. the player with the hot hand who is also generally a good shooter d. the player with the hot hand who is generally not a good shooter e. none of the above
C
Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sport found that teams of athletes having momentum a. will continue to perform well for the next few minutes of play b. will continue to perform well for the rest of the game c. were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well d. are important in individual sports but not in team sports e. are important in team sports but not in individual sports
C
Self-efficacy theory was originated by a. Charley Hardy b. Tara Scanlan c. Albert Bandura d. Larry Brawley e. Joseph Wolpe
C
Sport self-confidence is currently viewed as a. a trait variable b. a state variable c. statelike or traitlike depending on the situation d. an affective variable e. a cognitive variable
C
The relationship between confidence and performance is a. positive linear b. negative linear c. curvilinear d. negatively accelerated e. positively accelerated
C
Which of the following is (are) FALSE? a. Coaches give high-expectancy athletes more instructional feedback. b. Coaches provide more praise to high-expectancy athletes. c. Coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes. d. a and b e. b and c
C
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation provided by Horn regarding expectations of coaches? a. Coaches should interact infrequently with athletes. b. Coaches should respond to skill errors with immediate criticism. c. Coaches should try to create a mastery-oriented environment. d. a and c e. b and c
C
According to Rosenthal and Jacobson's study on teachers' expectancies and students' performances, a. children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the greatest gains in IQ b. teachers' expectations were not related to IQ scores c. children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the slightest gains in IQ d. males had higher gains in IQ than females did e. none of the above
A
According to the latest thinking, self-efficacy is now called a. self-regulatory efficacy b. self-improvement c. self-esteem d. self-worth e. self-monitoring
A
Collective efficacy refers to a. each individual's perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole b. the aggregate of each individual's own self-efficacy c. the coach's view of the efficacy of the team as a whole d. the belief that the team can win the championship e. none of the above
A
Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the a. belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior b. inner self c. equivalent of self-esteem d. belief that you can do anything you desire if you set your mind to it e. none of the above
A
Research by Gould and his colleagues on setting up detailed plans as a way to increase confidence showed that a. elite athletes had the most detailed plans b. female athletes had the most detailed plans c. male athletes had the most detailed plans d. college athletes had the most detailed plans e. none of the above
A
Which of the following is (are) NOT a major source of self-efficacy? a. parental expectations b. performance accomplishments c. emotional arousal d. vicarious experiences e. a and d
A
Confidence can be improved by a. thinking confidently b. acting confidently c. using imagery d. all of the above e. a and b
D
Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in a. one's ability to execute physical skills b. one's level of fitness c. one's psychological skills d. all of the above e. a and c
D
Recent research has identified nine sources of sport self-confidence. These fit into which of the following categories? a. climate (environment) b. self-regulation c. arousal d. a and b e. b and c
D
The probable reason that approximately a dozen runners broke the 4-minute barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their a. enhanced training procedures b. improved equipment c. faster tracks d. expectations that it could be done e. superior coaching
D
Which of the following is (are) true? a. Coaches spend more time with high-expectancy athletes. b. Coaches show more positive affect to high-expectancy athletes. c. Coaches spend more time with low-expectancy athletes. d. a and b e. b and c
D
Which of the following is (are) true? a. Low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower performances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time. b. Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of effort. c. Low-expectancy athletes attribute their failures to lack of ability. d. a and c e. a and b
D
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the model of sport confidence? a. sources of sport confidence b. constructs of sport confidence c. factors influencing sport confidence d. controllability of sport confidence
D