Chapter 14- Social Psychology

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Central Route To Persuasion

Gathering key information, taking time and effect to make a well determined choice

Top 3 Reason For Attractiveness

1)Physical Attractiveness 2)Similarity 3)Proximity/Geography

Diffusion Of Responsibility

A phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present

Aggression

A range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to oneself, other or objects in the environment

Prisoner's Dilemma

A situation in which an individual must choose between a cooperative act and an act that will help them but hurt others

Cognitive Dissonance

A state of tension that exists when people's attitudes do not match their actions.Thus they are motivated to reduce this discrepancy;it can strengthen an attitude as well

Confirmation Bias

A tendency to search for information that one's preconceptions while down playing/ignoring evidence that refutes your beliefs

Stereotyping

An impression or schema of an entire group of people that involves the false assumption that all members of the group share the same characteristics

Pro-Social Behavior

Any action intended to help others

Social Exchange Theory

Explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties

Just World Hypothesis/Blaming the Victim

If something happens to someone we tend to believe they must have done something to deserve what happened(One Person)

Social Facilitation

Improving one's performance in the pressure of others. Must be a task one is relatively familiar with

In Group Bias

Is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members

Ethnocentrism

Judging and viewing other cultures based upon your own

Groupthink

Mode of thinking that occurs when desire for harmony in decision making overrides realistic alternatives

Conformity

Occurs when we change our behavior,attitudes,or beliefs in response to real or imagined group pressure

Actor-Observer Effect

People are likely to attribute other's actions to internal factors but unlikely to do the same for themselves

Self-Serving Bias V.S. Self-Effecting Bias

People are more likely to take credit for their success and blame others for their failures

Superordinate Goals

Refer to goals that require the cooperation of two or more people or groups to achieve, which usually results in rewards to the groups(Robber's Cave Experiment)

Scapegoat Theory

Refers to the tendency to blame someone else for one's own problems, a process that often results in feelings of prejudice toward the person or group that one is blaming

Norms

Rules or exceptions for appropriate behavior in social situations

Cross Cultural Differences

The branch of psychology that holds that human behavior is strongly influenced by cultural differences

Group Polarization

The enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion between the groups

Deindividuation

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situation

Mere Exposure Effect

The more one is exposed to something,the more they will like it

Bystander Effect

The more people present, the less likely they will help

Door In The Face

The tendency for an individual who denies an outrageous request to agree to a lesser one

Social Loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts for a common goal, then when individually accountable

Foot In The Door

The tendency for people who agree to a small request to comply with a larger one

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal,personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external ,situational factors

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

When a belief in failure or success either by one's self or others causes an individual to act accordingly

Norms Of Reciprocity

When people do nice things for you,you feel like you owe them something


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